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Although safety has been well documented in small ablations, our aim is to assess its safety and feasibility when a large portion of liver is ablated. Eighty-seven mice were subjected to high voltage pulses directly delivered across parallel plate electrodes comprising around 40% of mouse liver. One group consisted in 55 athymic-nude, in which a tumor from the KM12C cell line was grown and the other thirty-two C57-Bl6 non-tumoral mice. Both groups were subsequently divided into subsets according to the delivered field strength (1000\u2009V\/cm, 2000\u2009V\/cm) and whether or not they received anti-hyperkalemia therapy. Early mortality (less than 24\u2009hours post-IRE) in the 2000\u2009V\/cm group was observed and revealed considerably higher mean potassium levels. In contrast, the animals subjected to a 2000\u2009V\/cm field treated with the anti-hyperkalemia therapy had higher survival rates (OR\u2009=\u20090.1, 95%CI\u2009=\u20090.02\u20130.32, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Early mortality also depended on the electric field magnitude of the IRE protocol, as mice given 1000\u2009V\/cm survived longer than those given 2000\u2009V\/cm (OR\u2009=\u20094.7, 95%CI\u2009=\u20091.8\u201311.8, p\u2009=\u20090.001). Our findings suggest that ionic disturbances, mainly due to potassium alterations, should be warned and envisioned when large volume ablations are performed by IRE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep23781","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]],"date-time":"2016-04-01T10:07:01Z","timestamp":1459505221000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Irreversible electroporation of the liver: is there a safe limit to the ablation volume?"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Vel\u00e1zquez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Q.","family":"Castellv\u00ed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Villanueva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Quesada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Pa\u00f1ella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"C\u00e1ceres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Dorcaratto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Andaluz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"X.","family":"Moll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Trujillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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