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Here, we have explored the antiplasmodial capacity of heparin-like sulfated polysaccharides from the sea cucumbers\n                    <jats:italic>Ludwigothurea grisea<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Isostichopus badionotus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , from the red alga\n                    <jats:italic>Botryocladia occidentalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and from the marine sponge\n                    <jats:italic>Desmapsamma anchorata<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    experiments demonstrated for most compounds significant inhibition of\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    growth at low-anticoagulant concentrations. This activity was found to operate through inhibition of erythrocyte invasion by\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                    , likely mediated by a coating of the parasite similar to that observed for heparin.\n                    <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    four-day suppressive tests showed that several of the sulfated polysaccharides improved the survival of\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium yoelii<\/jats:italic>\n                    -infected mice. In one animal treated with\n                    <jats:italic>I. badionotus<\/jats:italic>\n                    fucan parasitemia was reduced from 10.4% to undetectable levels and Western blot analysis revealed the presence of antibodies against\n                    <jats:italic>P. yoelii<\/jats:italic>\n                    antigens in its plasma. The retarded invasion mediated by sulfated polysaccharides and the ensuing prolonged exposure of\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic>\n                    to the immune system, can be explored for the design of new therapeutic approaches against malaria where heparin-related polysaccharides of low anticoagulating activity could play a dual role as drugs and as potentiators of immune responses.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep24368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,13]],"date-time":"2016-04-13T05:31:55Z","timestamp":1460525515000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Marine organism sulfated polysaccharides exhibiting significant antimalarial activity and inhibition of red blood cell invasion by Plasmodium"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Joana","family":"Marques","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Vilanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo A. 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