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To clarify such issue, this study used the metrics derived from a two-compartment WM model of diffusional kurtosis imaging (WM-DKI), including intra-axonal, extra-axonal axial and radial diffusivities (D<jats:sub>a<\/jats:sub>, D<jats:sub>e,\/\/<\/jats:sub> and D<jats:sub>e,\u22a5<\/jats:sub>), to compare WM differences between the simple T2h and normal control for both preterm and full-term neonates, and between simple T2h and complex T2h with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Results indicated that compared with control, the simple T2h showed significantly increased D<jats:sub>e,\/\/<\/jats:sub> and D<jats:sub>e,\u22a5<\/jats:sub>, but no significant change in D<jats:sub>a<\/jats:sub> in multiple premyelination regions, indicative of expanding extra-axonal diffusion microenvironment; while myelinated regions showed no changes. However, compared with simple T2h, the complex T2h with HIE had decreased D<jats:sub>a<\/jats:sub>, increased D<jats:sub>e,\u22a5<\/jats:sub> in both premyelination and myelinated regions, indicative of both intra- and extra-axonal diffusion alterations. While diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) failed to distinguish simple T2h from complex T2h with HIE. In conclusion, superior to DTI-metrics, WM-DKI metrics showed more specificity for WM microstructural changes to distinguish simple T2h from complex T2h with HIE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep24473","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,14]],"date-time":"2016-04-14T12:17:13Z","timestamp":1460636233000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Differentiating T2 hyperintensity in neonatal white matter by two-compartment model of diffusional kurtosis imaging"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Jie","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianjun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanyan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingxia","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinli","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bolang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep24473_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-1866","volume":"118","author":"LE Dyet","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dyet, L. 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