{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T04:42:32Z","timestamp":1791434552447,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,21]],"date-time":"2016-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1461196800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,21]],"date-time":"2016-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1461196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Plasmodium knowlesi<\/jats:italic> is extensively used as an important malaria model and is now recognized as an important cause of human malaria in Malaysia. The strains of <jats:italic>P. knowlesi<\/jats:italic> currently used for research were isolated many decades ago, raising concerns that they might no longer be representative of contemporary parasite populations. We derived a new <jats:italic>P. knowlesi<\/jats:italic> line (University Malaya line, UM01), from a patient admitted in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, and compared it with a human-adapted laboratory line (A1-H.1) derived from the <jats:italic>P. knowlesi<\/jats:italic> H strain. The UM01 and A1-H.1 lines readily invade human and macaque (<jats:italic>Macaca fascicularis<\/jats:italic>) normocytes with a preference for reticulocytes. Whereas invasion of human red blood cells was dependent on the presence of the Duffy antigen\/receptor for chemokines (DARC) for both parasite lines, this was not the case for macaque red blood cells. Nonetheless, differences in invasion efficiency, gametocyte production and the length of the asexual cycle were noted between the two lines. It would be judicious to isolate and characterise numerous <jats:italic>P. knowlesi<\/jats:italic> lines for use in future experimental investigations of this zoonotic species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep24623","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,21]],"date-time":"2016-04-21T09:49:39Z","timestamp":1461232179000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Invasion characteristics of a Plasmodium knowlesi line newly isolated from a human"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Amirah","family":"Amir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan Wee Kent","family":"Liew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert W.","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mun Yik","family":"Fong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Indra","family":"Vythilingam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vellayan","family":"Subramaniam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georges","family":"Snounou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yee Ling","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep24623_CR1","first-page":"357","volume":"3","author":"JA Sinton","year":"1932","unstructured":"Sinton, J. A. & Mulligan, H. W. A critical review of the literature relating to the identification of the malarial parasites recorded from monkeys of the families Cercopithecid\u00e6 and Colobid\u00e6. Rec Malaria Surv India 3, 357\u2013380 (1932).","journal-title":"Rec Malaria Surv India"},{"key":"BFsrep24623_CR2","unstructured":"Garnham, P. C. C. In Malaria parasites and other haemosporidia Ch. 13, 323\u2013356 (Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1966)."},{"key":"BFsrep24623_CR3","unstructured":"Collins, W. E. In Malaria. Principles and practice of malariology Vol. II (eds Walther H Wernsdorfer & Ian A McGregor ) Ch. 48, 1473\u20131501 (Churchill Livingstone, 1988)."},{"key":"BFsrep24623_CR4","first-page":"301","volume":"67","author":"R Knowles","year":"1932","unstructured":"Knowles, R. & Das Gupta, B. M. A study of monkey-malaria, and its experimental transmission to man. (A preliminary report). Ind Med Gaz 67, 301\u2013320 (1932).","journal-title":"Ind Med Gaz"},{"key":"BFsrep24623_CR5","unstructured":"Ciuca, M. In Acta Conventus Tertii de Tropicis Atque Malariae Morbis Vol. Pars II. Acta Conventus Tertii de Malariae Morbis 327\u2013345 ( Spin, C. A. & Zoon, N. V. Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1938)."},{"key":"BFsrep24623_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-193808000-00027","volume":"31","author":"DF Milam","year":"1938","unstructured":"Milam, D. F. & Kusch, E. Observations on Plasmodium knowlesi malaria in general paresis. South Med J 31, 947\u2013949 (1938).","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"BFsrep24623_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1126\/science.134.3474.279","volume":"134","author":"RH Wharton","year":"1961","unstructured":"Wharton, R. H. & Eyles, D. E. Anopheles hackeri, a vector of Plasmodium knowlesi in Malaya. Science 134, 279\u2013280 (1961).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFsrep24623_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)15836-4","volume":"363","author":"B Singh","year":"2004","unstructured":"Singh, B. et al. A large focus of naturally acquired Plasmodium knowlesi infections in human beings. Lancet 363, 1017\u20131024 (2004).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BFsrep24623_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00079-12","volume":"26","author":"B Singh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Singh, B. & Daneshvar, C. Human infections and detection of Plasmodium knowlesi . Clin Microbiol Rev 26, 165\u2013184 (2013).","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"BFsrep24623_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1038\/2081286a0","volume":"208","author":"KN Brown","year":"1965","unstructured":"Brown, K. N. & Brown, I. N. Immunity to malaria: antigenic variation in chronic infections of Plasmodium knowlesi . Nature 208, 1286\u20131288 (1965).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFsrep24623_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1126\/science.803712","volume":"187","author":"JA Dvorak","year":"1975","unstructured":"Dvorak, J. A., Miller, L. H., Whitehouse, W. C. & Shiroishi, T. Invasion of erythrocytes by malaria merozoites. Science 187, 748\u2013750 (1975).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFsrep24623_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1145213","volume":"189","author":"LH Miller","year":"1975","unstructured":"Miller, L. H., Mason, S. J., Dvorak, J. A., McGinniss, M. H. & Rothman, I. K. Erythrocyte receptors for (Plasmodium knowlesi) malaria: Duffy blood group determinants. Science 189, 561\u2013563 (1975).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFsrep24623_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.2.655-660.2002","volume":"70","author":"CHM Kocken","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kocken, C. H. M. et al. Plasmodium knowlesi provides a rapid in vitro and in vivo transfection system that enables double-crossover gene knockout studies. Infect Immun 70, 655\u2013660 (2002).","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"BFsrep24623_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12275","volume":"16","author":"C Gr\u00fcring","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gr\u00fcring, C. et al. Human red blood cell-adapted Plasmodium knowlesi parasites: a new model system for malaria research. Cell Microbiol 16, 612\u2013620, doi: 10.1111\/cmi.12275 (2014).","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"BFsrep24623_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1216457110","volume":"110","author":"RW Moon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Moon, R. W. et al. Adaptation of the genetically tractable malaria pathogen Plasmodium knowlesi to continuous culture in human erythrocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 110, 531\u2013536 (2013).","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BFsrep24623_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.180.2.497","volume":"180","author":"CE Chitnis","year":"1994","unstructured":"Chitnis, C. E. & Miller, L. H. Identification of the erythrocyte binding domains of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium knowlesi proteins involved in erythrocyte invasion. J Exp Med 180, 497\u2013506 (1994).","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BFsrep24623_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.184.4.1531","volume":"184","author":"CE Chitnis","year":"1996","unstructured":"Chitnis, C. E., Chaudhuri, A., Horuk, R., Pogo, A. O. & Miller, L. H. The domain on the Duffy blood group antigen for binding Plasmodium vivax and P. knowlesi malarial parasites to erythrocytes. J Exp Med 184, 1531\u20131536 (1996).","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"BFsrep24623_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msr204","volume":"29","author":"A Demogines","year":"2012","unstructured":"Demogines, A., Truong, K. A. & Sawyer, S. L. Species-specific features of DARC, the primate receptor for Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium knowlesi . Mol Biol Evol 29, 445\u2013449 (2012).","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"BFsrep24623_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-08-596015","volume":"125","author":"B Malleret","year":"2015","unstructured":"Malleret, B. et al. Plasmodium vivax: restricted tropism and rapid remodeling of CD71-positive reticulocytes. Blood 125, 1314\u20131324 (2015).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"BFsrep24623_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0047-2484(84)80061-5","volume":"13","author":"M Palatnik","year":"1984","unstructured":"Palatnik, M. & Rowe, A. W. Duffy and Duffy-related human antigens in primates. J Hum Evol 13, 173\u2013179 (1984).","journal-title":"J Hum Evol"},{"key":"BFsrep24623_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1977.tb00656.x","volume":"36","author":"SJ Mason","year":"1977","unstructured":"Mason, S. J., Miller, L. H., Shiroishi, T., Dvorak, J. A. & McGinniss, M. H. The Duffy blood group determinants: their role in the susceptibility of human and animal erythrocytes to Plasmodium knowlesi malaria. Br J Haematol 36, 327\u2013335 (1977).","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"BFsrep24623_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(74)90154-0","volume":"68","author":"WA Siddiqui","year":"1974","unstructured":"Siddiqui, W. A., Schnell, J. V. & Richmond-Crum, S. M. Susceptibility of a new world monkey (Aotus trivirgatus) to an old world simian malarial parasite (Plasmodium knowlesi). Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 68, 387\u2013391 (1974).","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"BFsrep24623_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(78)90030-5","volume":"72","author":"WE Collins","year":"1978","unstructured":"Collins, W. E., Contacos, P. G. & Chin, W. Infection of the squirrel monkey Saimiri sciureus, with Plasmodium knowlesi . Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 72, 662\u2013663 (1978).","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"BFsrep24623_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000048599","volume":"78","author":"J Langhorne","year":"1979","unstructured":"Langhorne, J. & Cohen, S. Plasmodium knowlesi in the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). Parasitology 78, 67\u201376 (1979).","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"BFsrep24623_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0121303","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0121303","volume":"10","author":"MM Pinheiro","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pinheiro, M. M. et al. Plasmodium knowlesi genome sequences from clinical isolates reveal extensive genomic dimorphism. PLos One 10, e0121303 (2015).","journal-title":"PLos One"},{"key":"BFsrep24623_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1004888","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004888","volume":"11","author":"PC Divis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Divis, P. C. et al. Admixture in humans of two divergent Plasmodium knowlesi populations associated with different macaque host species. PLos Pathog 11, e1004888 (2015).","journal-title":"PLos Pathog"},{"key":"BFsrep24623_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13027","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1509534112","volume":"112","author":"S Assefa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Assefa, S. et al. Population genomic structure and adaptation in the zoonotic malaria parasite Plasmodium knowlesi . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 112, 13027\u201313032 (2015).","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BFsrep24623_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-8-115","volume":"8","author":"K Sriprawat","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sriprawat, K. et al. Effective and cheap removal of leukocytes and platelets from Plasmodium vivax infected blood. Malar J 8, 115 (2009).","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"BFsrep24623_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.60.687","volume":"60","author":"B Singh","year":"1999","unstructured":"Singh, B. et al. A genus- and species-specific nested polymerase chain reaction malaria detection assay for epidemiologic studies. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60, 687\u2013692 (1999).","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"BFsrep24623_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2011.10.011","volume":"42","author":"C Borlon","year":"2012","unstructured":"Borlon, C. et al. Cryopreserved Plasmodium vivax and cord blood reticulocytes can be used for invasion and short term culture. Int J Parasitol 42, 155\u2013160 (2012).","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep24623.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep24623","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep24623.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T04:09:12Z","timestamp":1672891752000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep24623"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,21]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,27]]}},"alternative-id":["BFsrep24623"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep24623","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 December 2015","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 April 2016","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 April 2016","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing financial interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"24623"}}