{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T21:47:48Z","timestamp":1784324868359,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,9]],"date-time":"2016-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462752000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,9]],"date-time":"2016-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Detection and assessment of the integrity of the photoreceptor ellipsoid zone (EZ) are important because it is critical for visual acuity in retina trauma and other diseases. We have proposed and validated a framework that can automatically analyse the 3D integrity of the EZ in optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. The images are first filtered and automatically segmented into 10 layers, of which EZ is located in the 7<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> layer. For each voxel of the EZ, 57 features are extracted and a principle component analysis is performed to optimize the features. An Adaboost classifier is trained to classify each voxel of the EZ as disrupted or non-disrupted. Finally, blood vessel silhouettes and isolated points are excluded. To demonstrate its effectiveness, the proposed framework was tested on 15 eyes with retinal trauma and 15 normal eyes. For the eyes with retinal trauma, the sensitivity (SEN) was 85.69%\u2009\u00b1\u20099.59%, the specificity (SPE) was 85.91%\u2009\u00b1\u20095.48%, and the balanced accuracy rate (BAR) was 85.80%\u2009\u00b1\u20096.16%. For the normal eyes, the SPE was 99.03%\u2009\u00b1\u20090.73%, and the SEN and BAR levels were not relevant. Our framework has the potential to become a useful tool for studying retina trauma and other conditions involving EZ integrity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep25433","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,9]],"date-time":"2016-05-09T09:10:10Z","timestamp":1462785010000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Automatic Three-dimensional Detection of Photoreceptor Ellipsoid Zone Disruption Caused by Trauma in the OCT"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Weifang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heming","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bei","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lirong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dehui","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enting","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yilong","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinjian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep25433_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1007\/s003470050282","volume":"95","author":"F Kuhn","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kuhn, F., Mester, V., Berta, A. & Morris, R. Epidemiology of severe eye injuries. United States Injury Registry (USEIR) and Hungarian Eye Injury Registry (HEIR). Ophthalmologe 95, 332\u2013343 (1998).","journal-title":"Ophthalmologe"},{"key":"BFsrep25433_CR2","first-page":"42","volume":"11","author":"R Berlin","year":"1873","unstructured":"Berlin, R. Zur sogenannten commotio retinae. Klin. Monatsbl. Augenh. 11, 42\u201378 (1873).","journal-title":"Klin. Monatsbl. Augenh"},{"key":"BFsrep25433_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2267","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1978.03910060563021","volume":"96","author":"JO Sipperley","year":"1978","unstructured":"Sipperley, J. O., Quigley, H. A. & Gass, D. M. Traumatic retinopathy in primates: the explanation of commotio retinae. Arch. Ophthalmol. 96, 2267\u20132273 (1978).","journal-title":"Arch. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"BFsrep25433_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-199212010-00006","volume":"12","author":"AM Mansour","year":"1992","unstructured":"Mansour, A. M., Green, W. R. & Hogge, C. Histopathology of commotio retinae. Retina 12, 24\u201328(1992).","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"BFsrep25433_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2014.02.023","volume":"121","author":"G Staurenghi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Staurenghi, G., Sadda, S., Chakravarthy, U. & Spaid, R. F. Proposed lexicon for anatomic landmarks in normal posterior segment spectral-domain optical coherence tomography: the IN\u2022 OCT consensus. Ophthalmology 121, 1572\u20131578 (2014).","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"BFsrep25433_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e31827b63ba","volume":"33","author":"H Chen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chen, H. et al. Prediction of visual prognosis with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in outer retinal atrophy secondary to closed globe trauma. Retina 33, 1258\u20131262 (2013).","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"BFsrep25433_CR7","first-page":"2507","volume":"8","author":"S Saxena","year":"2014","unstructured":"Saxena, S., Srivastav, K., Cheung, C. M., Ng, J. Y. W. & Lai, T. Y. Y. Photoreceptor inner segment ellipsoid band integrity on spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Clin. Ophthalmol. 8, 2507\u20132522 (2014).","journal-title":"Clin. Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BFsrep25433_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.07.055","volume":"114","author":"M Hangai","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hangai, M. et al. Three-dimension imaging of macular holes with high-speed optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmology 114, 763\u2013773 (2007).","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"BFsrep25433_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-008-0999-9","volume":"247","author":"M Inoue","year":"2009","unstructured":"Inoue, M. et al. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography images of inner\/outer segment junctions and macular hole surgery outcomes. Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 247, 325\u2013330 (2009).","journal-title":"Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"BFsrep25433_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-4420","volume":"51","author":"O Jaeryung","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jaeryung, O., William, E. S., Harry, W. F. J., Giovanni, G. & Brandon, L. Photoreceptor inner\/outer segment defect imaging by spectral domain OCT and visual prognosis after macular hole surgery. Invest. Ophth. Vis. Sci. 51, 1651\u20131658 (2010).","journal-title":"Invest. Ophth. Vis. Sci"},{"key":"BFsrep25433_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.01.011","volume":"145","author":"K Sayanagi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sayanagi, K., Ikuno, Y., Soga, K. & Tano, Y. Photoreceptor inner and outer segment defects in Myopic Foveoschisis. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 145, 902\u2013908 (2008).","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"BFsrep25433_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.02.027","volume":"146","author":"RF Spaide","year":"2008","unstructured":"Spaide, R. F., Koizumi, H. & Freund, K. B. Photoreceptor outer segment abnormalities as a cause of blind spot enlargement in acute zonal occult outer retinopathy-complex diseases. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 146, 111\u2013120 (2008).","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"BFsrep25433_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3181571398","volume":"28","author":"T Baba","year":"2008","unstructured":"Baba, T. et al. Correlation of visual recovery and presence of photoreceptor inner\/outer segment junction in optical coherence images after successful macular hole repair. Retina 28, 453\u2013458 (2008).","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"BFsrep25433_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.03.004","volume":"138","author":"N Kitaya","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kitaya, N., Hikichi, T., Kagokawa, H., Takamiya, A. & Yoshida, A. Irregularity of photoreceptor layer after successful maculor hole surgery prevents visual acuity improvement. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 138, 308\u2013310 (2004).","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"BFsrep25433_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3953","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-2657","volume":"50","author":"NL Gomes","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gomes, N. L. et al. comparison of fundus autofluorescence and retinal structure in patients with stargardt disease. Invest. Ophth. Vis. Sci. 50, 3953\u20133959 (2009).","journal-title":"Invest. Ophth. Vis. Sci"},{"key":"BFsrep25433_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-011-1774-x","volume":"250","author":"HJ Shin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shin, H. J., Lee, S. H., Chung, H. & Kim, H. C. Association between photoreceptor integrity and visual outcome in diabetic macular edema. Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. 250, 61\u201370 (2012).","journal-title":"Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"BFsrep25433_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Itoh, Y., Vasanji, A. & Ehlers, J. P. Volumetric ellipsoid zone mapping for enhanced visualisation of outer retinal integrity with optical coherence tomography. Br. J. Ophthalmol. Online First, published on July 22, 2015, DOI: 10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2015-307105 (2015).","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2015-307105"},{"key":"BFsrep25433_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e31823c23bc","volume":"32","author":"DF Kiernan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kiernan, D. F. et al. En face spectral-domain optical coherence tomography outer retinal analysis and relation to visual acuity. Retina 32, 1077\u20131086 (2012).","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"BFsrep25433_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.4.001133","volume":"4","author":"A Lang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lang, A. et al. Retinal layer segmentation of macular OCT images using boundary classification. Biomed. Opt. Express 4, 1133\u20131152 (2013).","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"BFsrep25433_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2712","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.4.002712","volume":"4","author":"BJ Antony","year":"2013","unstructured":"Antony, B. J. et al. A combined machine-learning and graph-based framework for the segmentation of retinal surfaces in SD-OCT volumes. Biomed. Opt. Express 4, 2712\u20132728 (2013).","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"BFsrep25433_CR21","first-page":"2067","volume":"2012","author":"P Dufour","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dufour, P., Zanet, S. D., Wolf-Schnurrbusch, Y. & Kowal, J. Classification of drusen positions in optical coherence tomography data from patients with age-related macular degeneration. Conf. Proc. 21st Intl. Conf. Pattern. Recog. 2012, 2067\u20132070 (2012).","journal-title":"Conf. Proc. 21st Intl. Conf. Pattern. Recog."},{"key":"BFsrep25433_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.6.000155","volume":"6","author":"A Lang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lang, A. et al. Automatic segmentation of microcystic macular edema in OCT. Biomed. Opt. Express 6, 155\u2013169 (2015).","journal-title":"Biomed. Opt. Express"},{"key":"BFsrep25433_CR23","first-page":"148","volume":"1996","author":"Y Freund","year":"1996","unstructured":"Freund, Y. & Schapire, R. E. Experiments with a new boosting algorithm. Conf. Pro. 13th Intl. Conf. Mach. Learn. 1996, 148\u2013156 (1996).","journal-title":"Conf. Pro. 13th Intl. Conf. Mach. Learn."},{"key":"BFsrep25433_CR24","first-page":"325","volume":"1996","author":"Y Freund","year":"1996","unstructured":"Freund, Y. & Schapire, R. E. Game theory, on-line prediction and boosting. Conf. Proc. 9th Annu. Conf. Comput. Learn. Theory 1996, 325\u2013332 (1996).","journal-title":"Conf. Proc. 9th Annu. Conf. Comput. Learn. Theory"},{"key":"BFsrep25433_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007614523901","volume":"37","author":"RE Schapire","year":"1999","unstructured":"Schapire, R. E. & Singer, Y. Improved boosting algorithms using confidence-rated predictions. Mach. Learn. 37, 297\u2013336 (1999).","journal-title":"Mach. Learn."},{"key":"BFsrep25433_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2008.239","volume":"21","author":"HB He","year":"2009","unstructured":"He, H. B. & Garcia, E. A. Learning from imbalanced data. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 21, 1263\u20131284 (2009).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng."},{"key":"BFsrep25433_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.015","volume":"31","author":"PA Yushkevich","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yushkevich, P. A. et al. User-guided 3D active contour segmentation of anatomical structures: Significantly improved efficiency and reliability. NeuroImage 31, 1116\u20131128 (2006).","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"BFsrep25433_CR28","first-page":"69141R","volume":"2008","author":"M Niemeijer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Niemeijer, M., Garvin, M. K., Ginneken, B., Sonka, M. & Abr\u00e0moff, M. D. Vessel segmentation in 3D spectral OCT scans of the retina. Conf Proc SPIE Med. Imaging 2008, 69141R (2008).","journal-title":"Conf Proc SPIE Med. Imaging"},{"key":"BFsrep25433_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.09.029","volume":"139","author":"N Villate","year":"2005","unstructured":"Villate, N., Lee, J. E., Venkatraman, A. & Smiddy, W. E. Photoreceptor layer features in eyes with closed macular holes: optical coherence tomography findings and correlation with visual outcomes. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 139, 280\u2013289 (2005).","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"BFsrep25433_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2008.09.020","volume":"47","author":"MH Suh","year":"2009","unstructured":"Suh, M. H., Seo, J. M., Park, K. H. & Yu, H. G. Associations between macular findings by optical coherence tomography and visual outcomes after epiretinal membrane removal. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 47, 473\u2013480 (2009).","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"BFsrep25433_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3181744165","volume":"28","author":"LK Chang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chang, L. K., Koizumi, H. & Spaid, R. F. Disruption of the photoreceptor inner segment-out segment junction in eyes with macular holes. Retina 28, 969\u2013975 (2008).","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"BFsrep25433_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2004.06.082","volume":"139","author":"AA Moshfeghi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Moshfeghi, A. A., Flynn, H. W. Jr, Elner, S. G., Puliafito, C. A. & Gass, J. D. M. Persistent outer retinal defect after successful macular hole repair. Am. J. Ophthalmol 139, 183\u2013184 (2005).","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol"},{"key":"BFsrep25433_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-007-0110-8","volume":"81","author":"S Paris","year":"2009","unstructured":"Paris, S. & Durand, F. A fast approximation of the bilateral filter using a signal processing approach Int. J. Comput. Vision 81, 24\u201352 (2009).","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Vision"},{"key":"BFsrep25433_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2006.19","volume":"28","author":"K Li","year":"2006","unstructured":"Li, K., Wu, X., Chen, D. Z. & Sonka, M. Optimal surface segmentation in volumetric images-a graph-theoretic approach. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 28, 119\u2013134 (2006).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell"},{"key":"BFsrep25433_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2008.923966","volume":"27","author":"MK Garvin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Garvin, M. K. et al. Intraretinal layer segmentation of macular optical coherence tomography images using optimal 3-D graph search. IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 27, 1495\u20131505 (2008).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging"},{"key":"BFsrep25433_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2009.2031324","volume":"29","author":"K Lee","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lee, K. et al. Segmentation of the optic disc in 3-D OCT scans of the optic nerve head IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 29, 159\u2013168 (2010).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging"},{"key":"BFsrep25433_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2012.2191302","volume":"31","author":"XJ Chen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chen, X. J. et al. Three-dimensional segmentation of fluid-associated abnormalities in retinal OCT: probability constrained graph-search-graph-cut. IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 31, 1521\u20131531 (2012).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging"},{"key":"BFsrep25433_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8042","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10083","volume":"53","author":"XJ Chen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chen, X. J. et al. Quantification of external limiting membrane disruption caused by diabetic macular edema from SD-OCT. Invest. Ophth. Vis. Sci. 53, 8042\u20138048 (2012).","journal-title":"Invest. Ophth. Vis. Sci"},{"key":"BFsrep25433_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6846","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12062","volume":"54","author":"XJ Chen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chen, X. J. et al. Quantitative analysis of retinal layer optical intensities on three-dimensional optical coherence tomography. Invest. Ophth. Vis. Sci. 54, 6846\u20136851 (2013).","journal-title":"Invest. Ophth. Vis. Sci"},{"key":"BFsrep25433_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9269","DOI":"10.1038\/srep09269","volume":"5","author":"HY Chen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen, H. Y. et al. M. Quantitative analysis of retinal layers\u2019 optical intensities on 3D optical coherence tomography for central retinal artery occlusion. Sci. Rep. 5, 9269 (2015).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep"},{"key":"BFsrep25433_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"066005","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.19.6.066005","volume":"19","author":"XM Zhang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhang, X. M., Li, L., Zhu, F., Hou, W. G. & Chen, X. J. Spiking cortical model-based nonlocal means method for speckle reduction in optical coherence tomography images. J. Biomed. Opt. 19, 066005 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Opt."},{"key":"BFsrep25433_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.1998.710815","volume":"1998","author":"C Tomasi","year":"1998","unstructured":"Tomasi, C. & Manduchi, R. Bilateral filtering for gray and color images. Conf. Proc. IEEE Intl. Conf. Comput. Vis. 1998, 839\u2013846 (1998).","journal-title":"Conf. Proc. IEEE Intl. Conf. Comput. Vis"},{"key":"BFsrep25433_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2006.870889","volume":"25","author":"Y Xu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Xu, Y., Sonka, M., McLennan, G., Guo, J. & Hoffman, E. A. MDCT-based 3-D textural classification of emphyema and early smoing related lung pathologies. IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 25, 464\u2013475 (2006).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging"},{"key":"BFsrep25433_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1973.4309314","volume":"3","author":"RM Haralick","year":"1973","unstructured":"Haralick, R. M., Shanmugam, K. & Dinstein, I. Textural features for image classification. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. SMC- 3, 610\u2013621 (1973).","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. SMC-"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep25433.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep25433","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep25433.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T04:24:52Z","timestamp":1672892692000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep25433"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,9]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,24]]}},"alternative-id":["BFsrep25433"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep25433","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 October 2015","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 April 2016","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 May 2016","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing financial interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"25433"}}