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B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a guanylyl cyclase A (GC-A) agonist. The anti-hypertensive, vasodilatory, anti-fibrotic and anti-hypertrophic properties of BNP are well established in male animal models. Although circulating BNP levels are higher in women, when compared to age-matched men, the cardiovascular protective propensity of BNP in females is poorly understood. We assessed the cardiovascular consequences of BNP deletion in genetically null (Nppb\u2212\/\u2212) female rat lines. Throughout the study, blood pressure (BP) remained uninfluenced by genotype and cardiorenal consequences of BNP knock out remained minor. Unexpectedly, approximately 60% of Nppb\u2212\/\u2212 females developed mesenteric polyarteritis-nodosa (PAN)-like vasculitis in their life span, some as early as 4 months of age. Mesenteric lesions involved intense arterial remodeling, progressive inflammation, occluded lumens and less frequently intestinal necrosis and multiple visceral arterial aneurysms. Cumulative pathologies resulted in a significant decline in survival of the Nppb\u2212\/\u2212 female. This study highlights BNP\u2019s vasoprotective propensity, bringing to light a possible sex specific difference in the cardiovascular protection provided by BNP. Defects in the BNP\/GC-A\/cGMP pathway may play a role in arteriopathies in women, while GC-A agonists may provide effective therapy for arteritis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep25623","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,10]],"date-time":"2016-05-10T09:44:05Z","timestamp":1462873445000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Arterial Remodeling in B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Knock-Out Females"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Sara J.","family":"Holditch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claire A.","family":"Schreiber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John C.","family":"Burnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Ikeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep25623_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s12265-013-9514-8","volume":"7","author":"LE Greiten","year":"2014","unstructured":"Greiten, L. 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