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Associations between global DNA methylation and FAs were sought in blood from lactating infants (LI; n\u2009=\u200949) and adult males (AMM; n\u2009=\u200912) equally distributed across the three conventional BMI classes. AMM provided multiple samples at 2-hour intervals during 8\u2009hours after either a single Western diet-representative meal (post-prandial samples) or no meal (fasting samples). Lipid\/glucose profile, <jats:italic>HDAC4<\/jats:italic> promoter and <jats:italic>PDK4<\/jats:italic> 5\u2019UTR methylation were determined in AMM. Multiple regression analysis revealed that global (in LI) and both global and <jats:italic>PDK4<\/jats:italic>-specific DNA methylation (in AMM) were positively associated with eicosapentaenoic and arachidonic acid. <jats:italic>HDAC4<\/jats:italic> methylation was inversely associated with arachidonic acid post-prandially in AMM. Global DNA methylation did not show any defined within-day pattern that would suggest a short-term response to the diet. Nonetheless, global DNA methylation was higher in normal weight subjects both post-prandially and in fasting and coincided with higher polyunsaturated relative to monounsaturated and saturated FAs. We show for the first time strong associations of DNA methylation with specific FAs in two human cohorts of distinct age, diet and postnatal development stage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep25867","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,16]],"date-time":"2016-05-16T09:37:12Z","timestamp":1463391432000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Associations between whole peripheral blood fatty acids and DNA methylation in humans"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Carmen","family":"de la Rocha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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