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Increased knowledge of schistosome extracellular vesicles could provide insights into schistosome-host interactions and enable the development of novel intervention strategies to inhibit parasitic processes and lessen disease transmission. Here, we describe biochemical characterization of\n                    <jats:italic>Schistosoma japonicum<\/jats:italic>\n                    exosome-like vesicles (\n                    <jats:italic>S. japonicum<\/jats:italic>\n                    EVs). A total of 403 proteins were identified in\n                    <jats:italic>S. japonicum<\/jats:italic>\n                    EVs, and bioinformatics analyses indicated that these proteins were mainly involved in binding, catalytic activity, and translation regulatory activity. Next, we characterized the population of small RNAs associated with\n                    <jats:italic>S. japonicum<\/jats:italic>\n                    EVs. Further studies demonstrated that mammalian cells could internalize\n                    <jats:italic>S. japonicum<\/jats:italic>\n                    EVs and transfer their cargo miRNAs to recipient cells. Additionally, we found that a specific miRNA, likely originating from a final host, ocu-miR-191\u20135p, is also associated with\n                    <jats:italic>S. japonicum<\/jats:italic>\n                    EVs. Overall, our findings demonstrate that\n                    <jats:italic>S. japonicum<\/jats:italic>\n                    EVs could be implicated in the pathogenesis of schistosomiasis via a mechanism involving the transfer of their cargo miRNAs to hosts. Our findings provide novel insights into the mechanisms of schistosome-host interactions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep25885","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,13]],"date-time":"2016-05-13T05:15:17Z","timestamp":1463116517000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":128,"title":["Molecular characterization of S. japonicum exosome-like vesicles reveals their regulatory roles in parasite-host interactions"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Lihui","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juntao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinwei","family":"Dao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiming","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinming","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingang","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guofeng","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep25885_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2010.06.006","volume":"73","author":"S Mathivanan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mathivanan, S., Ji, H. & Simpson, R. 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