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The aims of the study are to identify additional serum immune markers discriminating between SP and seronegative (SN) RA, and markers identifying high-risk SAP. Sera from SAP (n\u2009=\u200927), SP RA (n\u2009=\u200922), SN RA (n\u2009=\u200911) and healthy controls (n\u2009=\u200920) were analyzed using the Human Cytokine 25-Plex Panel. Selected markers were validated in independent cohorts of SP RA (n\u2009=\u200935) and SN RA (n\u2009=\u200912) patients. Eleven of 27 SAP developed RA within 8 months (median follow-up time, range 1\u201332 months), and their baseline serum markers were compared to 16 non-progressing SAP. SAP and SP RA patients showed a marked overlap in their systemic immune profiles, while SN RA showed a distinct immune profile. Three of 4 markers discriminating between SP and SN RA (IL-1\u03b2, IL-15 and Eotaxin, but not CCL5) were similarly modulated in independent cohorts. SAP progressing to RA showed trends for increases in IL-5, MIP-1\u03b2, IL-1RA and IL-12 compared to non-progressing SAP. ROC analysis showed that serum IL-5 most accurately discriminated between the two SAP groups (AUC\u2009&gt;\u20090.8), suggesting that baseline IL-5 levels may aid the identification of high-risk SAP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep26021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,18]],"date-time":"2016-05-18T06:14:23Z","timestamp":1463552063000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Analysis of serum immune markers in seropositive and seronegative rheumatoid arthritis and in high-risk seropositive arthralgia patients"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Paulina","family":"Chalan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Bijzet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anke","family":"van den Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joost","family":"Kluiver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart-Jan","family":"Kroesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annemieke M. 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