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Tissue levels of serotonin and its major metabolite 5-HIAA remained largely unaltered, and the performance of the \u03b1-synuclein overexpressing rats in tests of spatial learning (water maze), anxiety related behavior (elevated plus maze) and depressive-like behavior (forced swim test) was not different from control, suggesting that the impact of the developing axonal pathology on serotonin neurotransmission was relatively mild. Overexpression of \u03b1-synuclein in the raphe nuclei, combined with overexpression in basal forebrain cholinergic neurons, resulted in more pronounced axonal pathology and significant impairment in the elevated plus maze. We conclude that \u03b1-synuclein pathology in serotonergic or cholinergic neurons alone is not sufficient to impair non-motor behaviors, but that it is their simultaneous involvement that determines severity of such symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep26285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,24]],"date-time":"2016-05-24T06:23:11Z","timestamp":1464070991000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["\u03b1-Synuclein induced toxicity in brain stem serotonin neurons mediated by an AAV vector driven by the tryptophan hydroxylase promoter"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Oi Wan","family":"Wan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eunju","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bengt","family":"Mattsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorian","family":"Caudal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Per","family":"Svenningsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Bj\u00f6rklund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep26285_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10813","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.152339799","volume":"99","author":"C Lo Bianco","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lo Bianco, C., Ridet, J. 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