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Spine turnover has also been detected in the absence of specific learning tasks, and is frequently exaggerated in animal models of autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). The present study aimed to examine whether the baseline rate of spine turnover was activity-dependent. This was achieved using a microfluidic brain interface and open-dura surgery, with the goal of abolishing neuronal Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> signaling in the visual cortex of wild-type mice and rodent models of fragile X syndrome (<jats:italic>Fmr1<\/jats:italic> knockout [KO]). In wild-type and <jats:italic>Fmr1<\/jats:italic> KO mice, the majority of baseline turnover was found to be activity-independent. Accordingly, the application of matrix metalloproteinase-9 inhibitors selectively restored the abnormal spine dynamics observed in <jats:italic>Fmr1<\/jats:italic> KO mice, without affecting the intrinsic dynamics of spine turnover in wild-type mice. Such findings indicate that the baseline turnover of dendritic spines is mediated by activity-independent intrinsic dynamics. Furthermore, these results suggest that the targeting of abnormal intrinsic dynamics might pose a novel therapy for ASD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep26651","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,25]],"date-time":"2016-05-25T09:25:41Z","timestamp":1464168341000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Abnormal intrinsic dynamics of dendritic spines in a fragile X syndrome mouse model in vivo"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Akira","family":"Nagaoka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Takehara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akiko","family":"Hayashi-Takagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Noguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiko","family":"Ishii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fukutoshi","family":"Shirai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sho","family":"Yagishita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takanori","family":"Akagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takanori","family":"Ichiki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haruo","family":"Kasai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep26651_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02617","volume":"429","author":"M Matsuzaki","year":"2004","unstructured":"Matsuzaki, M., Honkura, N., Ellis-Davies, G. 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