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However, clinically administered native SDF-1\u03b1 diffuses quickly, thus decreasing its local concentration and results in side effects. Thus, a controlled release system for SDF-1\u03b1 is required to produce an effective local concentration in the ischemic heart. In this study, we developed a recombinant chemokine, consisting of SDF-1\u03b1 and a collagen-binding domain, which retains both the SDF-1\u03b1 and collagen-binding activity (CBD-SDF-1\u03b1). In an <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> assay, CBD-SDF-1\u03b1 could specifically bind to a collagen gel and achieve sustained release. An intramyocardial injection of CBD-SDF-1\u03b1 after acute myocardial infarction demonstrated that the protein was largely tethered in the ischemic area and that controlled release had been achieved. Furthermore, CBD-SDF-1\u03b1 enhanced the recruitment of c-kit positive (c-kit<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>) stem cells, increased capillary density and improved cardiac function, whereas NAT-SDF-1\u03b1 had no such beneficial effects. Our findings demonstrate that CBD-SDF-1\u03b1 can specifically bind to collagen and achieve controlled release both <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. Local delivery of this protein could mobilize endogenous stem cells homing to the ischemic heart and improve cardiac function after myocardial infarction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep26683","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,26]],"date-time":"2016-05-26T09:25:59Z","timestamp":1464254759000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Controlled Release of Collagen-Binding SDF-1\u03b1 Improves Cardiac Function after Myocardial Infarction by Recruiting Endogenous Stem Cells"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Jie","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yannan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingguo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianglin","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhifeng","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianwu","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep26683_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.suppl_2.II-247","volume":"100","author":"S Tomita","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tomita, S. et al. 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