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Using our original technique, we measured erythrocyte intracellular ionized Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> concentration (RBC [Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>), which linearly correlated to recognition and spatial memory in normal aging rats. In the brain, RBC [Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub> significantly correlated to hippocampus extracellular fluid Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> concentration, and further correlated to hippocampal synapse density. Elevation of Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> intake in aged rats demonstrated an association between RBC [Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub> increase and memory recovery. The therapeutic effect of Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> administration was inversely correlated to individual basal RBC [Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>. In summary, we provide a method to measure RBC [Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>, an ideal indicator of body Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> level. RBC [Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]<jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub> represents rodent memory performance in our study, and might further serve as a potential biomarker for clinical differential diagnosis and precise treatment of Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>-deficiency-associated memory decline during aging.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep26975","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,2]],"date-time":"2016-06-02T13:42:52Z","timestamp":1464874972000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Erythrocyte intracellular Mg2+ concentration as an index of recognition and memory"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Wenxiang","family":"Xiong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaru","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guosong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep26975_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i3","DOI":"10.1093\/ndtplus\/sfr163","volume":"5","author":"W Jahnen-Dechent","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jahnen-Dechent, W. & Ketteler, M. 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