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SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> was detected in adipose tissue using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> synthase aspartate aminotransferase (AAT1 and AAT2) mRNA and protein expressions in adipose tissues were measured. For <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> study, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were cultured, infected with adenovirus carrying AAT1 gene or lentivirus carrying shRNA to AAT1, and then treated with tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1). We found that endogenous SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\/AAT pathway existed in adipose tissues including perivascular, perirenal, epididymal, subcutaneous and brown adipose tissue. AAT1 overexpression significantly increased SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> production and inhibited TNF-\u03b1-induced inflammatory factors, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) secretion from 3T3-L1 adipocytes. By contrast, AAT1 knockdown decreased SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> production and exacerbated TNF-\u03b1-stimulated MCP-1 and IL-8 secretion. Mechanistically, AAT1 overexpression attenuated TNF-\u03b1-induced I\u03baB\u03b1 phosphorylation and degradation, and nuclear factor-\u03baB (NF-\u03baB) p65 phosphorylation, while AAT1 knockdown aggravated TNF-\u03b1-activated NF-\u03baB pathway, which was blocked by SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. NF-\u03baB inhibitors, PDTC or Bay 11-7082, abolished excessive p65 phosphorylation and adipocyte inflammation induced by AAT1 knockdown. This is the first report to suggest that endogenous SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> is a novel adipocyte-derived inflammatory inhibitor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep27026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]],"date-time":"2016-06-01T09:58:46Z","timestamp":1464775126000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Endogenous sulfur dioxide is a novel adipocyte-derived inflammatory inhibitor"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Heng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaqian","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dingfang","family":"Bu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Selena","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chaoshu","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junbao","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongfang","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep27026_CR1","first-page":"367","volume":"9","author":"A Guilherme","year":"2008","unstructured":"Guilherme, A., Virbasius, J. 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