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Thaxtomin A is the main causative agent responsible for the pathogenicity of<jats:italic>S. scabies<\/jats:italic>and cello-oligosaccharides are environmental triggers that induce the production of this phytotoxin. How cello-oligosaccharides are sensed or transported in order to induce the virulent behavior of<jats:italic>S. scabies<\/jats:italic>? Here we report that the cellobiose and cellotriose binding protein CebE and MsiK, the ATPase providing energy for carbohydrates transport, are the protagonists of the cello-oligosaccharide mediated induction of thaxtomin production in<jats:italic>S. scabies<\/jats:italic>. Our work provides the first example where the transport and not the sensing of major constituents of the plant host is the central mechanism associated with virulence of the pathogen. Our results allow to draw a complete pathway from signal transport to phytotoxin production where each step of the cascade is controlled by CebR, the cellulose utilization regulator. We propose the high affinity of CebE to cellotriose as possible adaptation of<jats:italic>S. scabies<\/jats:italic>to colonize expanding plant tissue. Our work further highlights how genes associated with primary metabolism in nonpathogenic<jats:italic>Streptomyces<\/jats:italic>species have been recruited as basic elements of virulence in plant pathogenic species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep27144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,2]],"date-time":"2016-06-02T09:16:21Z","timestamp":1464858981000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["The CebE\/MsiK Transporter is a Doorway to the Cello-oligosaccharide-mediated Induction of Streptomyces scabies Pathogenicity"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Samuel","family":"Jourdan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isolde Maria","family":"Francis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min Jung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joren Jeico C.","family":"Salazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S\u00f6ren","family":"Planckaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean-Marie","family":"Fr\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Matagne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Kerff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bart","family":"Devreese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosemary","family":"Loria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Rigali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep27144_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hopwood, D. 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