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Cecropin B can inhibit the expression of CYP3A29, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The present study was designed to determine the mechanisms responsible for the effects of cecropin B on CYP3A29 expression, focusing on the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NF-\u03baB pathways. Our results indicated that the CYP3A29 expression was inhibited by cecropin B, which was regulated by pregnane X receptor (PXR) in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Cecropin B-induced NF-\u03baB activation played a pivotal role in the suppression of CYP3A29 through disrupting the association of the PXR\/retinoid X receptor alpha (RXR-\u03b1) complex with DNA sequences. NF-\u03baB p65 directly interacted with the DNA-binding domain of PXR, suppressed its expression, and inhibited its transactivation, leading to the downregulation of the PXR-regulated CYP3A29 expression. Furthermore, cecropin B activated pig liver cells by interacting with TLRs 2 and 4, which modulated NF-\u03baB-mediated signaling pathways. In conclusion, cecropin B inhibited the expression of CYP3A29 in a TLR\/NF-\u03baB\/PXR-dependent manner, which should be considered in future development of cecropins and other antimicrobial peptides.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep27876","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,14]],"date-time":"2016-06-14T09:38:05Z","timestamp":1465897085000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Cecropin B Represses CYP3A29 Expression through Activation of the TLR2\/4-NF-\u03baB\/PXR Signaling Pathway"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Xiaoqiao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaowen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiliang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiue","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deshi","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dingren","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep27876_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4772","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2013-6426","volume":"91","author":"H Xiao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Xiao, H. et al. 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