{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T16:14:23Z","timestamp":1774368863077,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,15]],"date-time":"2016-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1465948800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,15]],"date-time":"2016-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1465948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Transgenic crops producing <jats:italic>Bacillus thuringiensis<\/jats:italic> (Bt) proteins have become a primary tool in pest management. Due to the intensive use of Bt crops, resistance of the fall armyworm, <jats:italic>Spodoptera frugiperda<\/jats:italic>, to Cry1F maize has occurred in Puerto Rico, Brazil and some areas of the southeastern U.S. The sustainability of Bt crops faces a great challenge because the Cry1F-maize resistant <jats:italic>S. frugiperda<\/jats:italic> may also infest other Bt crops in multiple cropping ecosystems. Here we examined the survival and plant injury of a <jats:italic>S. frugiperda<\/jats:italic> population selected with Cry1F maize on three single-gene and five pyramided Bt cotton products. Larvae of Cry1F-susceptible (SS), -heterozygous (RS) and -resistant (RR) genotypes of <jats:italic>S. frugiperda<\/jats:italic> were all susceptible to the pyramided cotton containing Cry1Ac\/Cry2Ab, Cry1Ac\/Cry1F\/Vip3A, Cry1Ab\/Cry2Ae, or Cry1Ab\/Cry2Ae\/Vip3A and the single-gene Cry2Ae cotton. Pyramided cotton containing Cry1Ac\/Cry1F was effective against SS and RS, but not for RR. These findings show that the Cry1F-maize selected <jats:italic>S. frugiperda<\/jats:italic> can cause cross-crop resistance to other Bt crops expressing similar insecticidal proteins. Resistance management and pest management programs that utilize diversify mortality factors must be implemented to ensure the sustainability of Bt crops. This is especially important in areas where resistance to single-gene Bt crops is already widespread.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep28059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,15]],"date-time":"2016-06-15T16:40:06Z","timestamp":1466008806000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Performance and cross-crop resistance of Cry1F-maize selected Spodoptera frugiperda on transgenic Bt cotton: implications for resistance management"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Fei","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David L.","family":"Kerns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebe","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Kurtz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Dennehy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Braxton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Graham","family":"Head","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fangneng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep28059_CR1","unstructured":"James, C. 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Widespread adoption of Bt cotton and insecticide decrease promotes biocontrol services. Nature 487, 362\u2013365 (2012).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFsrep28059_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11652","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1203647109","volume":"109","author":"J Kathage","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kathage, J. & Qaim, M. Economic impacts and impact dynamics of Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) cotton in India. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 109, 11652\u201311656 (2012).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"BFsrep28059_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.43.1.701","volume":"43","author":"F Gould","year":"1998","unstructured":"Gould, F. Sustainability of transgenic insecticidal cultivars: integrating pest genetics and ecology. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 43, 701\u2013726 (1998).","journal-title":"Ann. Rev. 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Discovery and characterization of field resistance to Bt maize: Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Puerto Rico. J. Econ. Entomol. 103, 1031\u20131038 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Econ. Entomol."},{"key":"BFsrep28059_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1080\/02571862.2007.10634798","volume":"24","author":"JBJ Van Rensburg","year":"2007","unstructured":"Van Rensburg, J. B. J. First report of field resistance by the stem borer, Busseola fusca (Fuller) to Bt-transgenic maize. S. Afr. J. Plant Soil 24, 147\u2013151 (2007).","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Plant Soil"},{"key":"BFsrep28059_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.2127","volume":"67","author":"S Dhurua","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dhurua, S. & Gujar, G. T. Field-evolved resistance to Bt protein Cry1Ac in the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) from India. Pest Manag. 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Bt resistance: characterization and strategies for GM crops producing Bacillus thuringiensis toxins Ch. 3, 26\u201335 (CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 2015).","DOI":"10.1079\/9781780644370.0026"},{"key":"BFsrep28059_CR19","unstructured":"Center for Environmental Risk Assessment, ILSI Research Foundation. A review of the environmental safety of the Cry1F protein. (2013). Available at: http:\/\/www.ilsi.org\/ResearchFoundation\/CERA\/Publications\/Cry1f-monograph.pdf (Accessed: 27th April 2016)."},{"key":"BFsrep28059_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt0903-1003","volume":"21","author":"M Mendelsohn","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mendelsohn, M., Kough, J., Vaituzis, Z. & Mattews, K. Are Bt crop safe? Nat. Biotechnol. 21, 1003\u20131009 (2003).","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"BFsrep28059_CR21","unstructured":"US-EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 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