{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T12:13:13Z","timestamp":1788351193739,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,23]],"date-time":"2016-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1466640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,23]],"date-time":"2016-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1466640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common cause of secondary hypertension and consists up to 11% of patients with hypertension. Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is the recommended procedure for diagnosis of PA, but the technique is difficult and the right adrenal vein is especially hard to catheterize. We retrospectively examined the clinically relevant anatomy of the right adrenal vein in a sample of 66 PA patients with technically successful AVS and distinctly-opacified right adrenal veins in Dyna computed tomography (CT). In the majority of cases: the right adrenal veins were catheterized when the catheter tilted posterior and rightward (57\/66, 86.4%), the transverse direction of the right adrenal vein from the inferior vena cava (IVC) was posterior and rightward (55\/66, 83.3%) and the vertical direction of the right adrenal vein from the IVC was caudal (52\/66, 78.8%). This study shows that Dyna CT is able to provide detailed anatomical information to the course and direction of the right adrenal vein.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep28305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,23]],"date-time":"2016-06-23T09:19:14Z","timestamp":1466673554000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Evaluation of right adrenal vein anatomy by Dyna computed tomography in patients with primary aldosteronism"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Bo-Ching","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chin-Chen","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kao-Lang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeun-Chung","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vin-Cent","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuo-How","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep28305_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-7061(02)02969-2","volume":"15","author":"E Rossi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rossi, E. et al. High prevalence of primary aldosteronism using postcaptopril plasma aldosterone to renin ratio as a screening test among Italian hypertensives. Am J Hypertens 15, 896\u2013902 (2002).","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"BFsrep28305_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.07.059","volume":"48","author":"GP Rossi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rossi, G. P. et al. A prospective study of the prevalence of primary aldosteronism in 1,125 hypertensive patients. J Am Coll Cardiol 48, 2293\u2013300 (2006).","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"BFsrep28305_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60834-X","volume":"371","author":"S Douma","year":"2008","unstructured":"Douma, S. et al. Prevalence of primary hyperaldosteronism in resistant hypertension: a retrospective observational study. Lancet 371, 1921\u20136 (2008).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"BFsrep28305_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1177\/1470320310391329","volume":"12","author":"CC Kuo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kuo, C. C. et al. Verification and evaluation of aldosteronism demographics in the Taiwan Primary Aldosteronism Investigation Group (TAIPAI Group). J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 12, 348\u201357 (2011).","journal-title":"J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst"},{"key":"BFsrep28305_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1177\/000313480507101015","volume":"71","author":"F Lumachi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lumachi, F. et al. Long-term results of adrenalectomy in patients with aldosterone-producing adenomas: multivariate analysis of factors affecting unresolved hypertension and review of the literature. Am Surg 71, 864\u20139 (2005).","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"key":"BFsrep28305_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2009.06.014","volume":"54","author":"TS Group","year":"2009","unstructured":"Group, T. S. et al. Association of kidney function with residual hypertension after treatment of aldosterone-producing adenoma. Am J Kidney Dis 54, 665\u201373 (2009).","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"BFsrep28305_CR7","first-page":"1066","volume":"86","author":"SB Magill","year":"2001","unstructured":"Magill, S. B. et al. Comparison of adrenal vein sampling and computed tomography in the differentiation of primary aldosteronism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86, 1066\u201371 (2001).","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"BFsrep28305_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2004.06.051","volume":"136","author":"WF Young","year":"2004","unstructured":"Young, W. F. et al. Role for adrenal venous sampling in primary aldosteronism. Surgery 136, 1227\u201335 (2004).","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"BFsrep28305_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3266","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-0104","volume":"93","author":"JW Funder","year":"2008","unstructured":"Funder, J. W. et al. Case detection, diagnosis and treatment of patients with primary aldosteronism: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 93, 3266\u201381 (2008).","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"BFsrep28305_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-13-0741","volume":"170","author":"S Onozawa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Onozawa, S. et al. Evaluation of right adrenal vein cannulation by computed tomography angiography in 140 consecutive patients undergoing adrenal venous sampling. Eur J Endocrinol 170, 601\u20138 (2014).","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"BFsrep28305_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8529(18)30425-0","volume":"17","author":"WF Young Jr.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Young, W. F. Jr. & Klee, G. G. Primary aldosteronism. Diagnostic evaluation. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 17, 367\u201395 (1988).","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"BFsrep28305_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e3181961d77","volume":"249","author":"RJ Auchus","year":"2009","unstructured":"Auchus, R. J. et al. Rapid cortisol assays improve the success rate of adrenal vein sampling for primary aldosteronism. Ann Surg 249, 318\u201321 (2009).","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"BFsrep28305_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2013.610","volume":"148","author":"A Scholten","year":"2013","unstructured":"Scholten, A., Cisco, R. M., Vriens, M. R., Shen, W. T. & Duh, Q. Y. Variant adrenal venous anatomy in 546 laparoscopic adrenalectomies. JAMA Surg 148, 378\u201383 (2013).","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"BFsrep28305_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.22374","volume":"27","author":"A Cesmebasi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cesmebasi, A. et al. A review of the anatomy and clinical significance of adrenal veins. Clin Anat 27, 1253\u201363 (2014).","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"key":"BFsrep28305_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.05.011","volume":"81","author":"C Plank","year":"2012","unstructured":"Plank, C. et al. Adrenal venous sampling using Dyna-CT\u2013a practical guide. Eur J Radiol 81, 2304\u20137 (2012).","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"BFsrep28305_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-5-200909010-00007","volume":"151","author":"MJ Kempers","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kempers, M. J. et al. Systematic review: diagnostic procedures to differentiate unilateral from bilateral adrenal abnormality in primary aldosteronism. Ann Intern Med 151, 329\u201337 (2009).","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"BFsrep28305_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mailhot, J. P. et al. Adrenal Vein Sampling in Primary Aldosteronism: Sensitivity and Specificity of Basal Adrenal Vein to Peripheral Vein Cortisol and Aldosterone Ratios to Confirm Catheterization of the Adrenal Vein. Radiology 142413, 10.1148\/radiol.2015142413 (2015).","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2015142413"},{"key":"BFsrep28305_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2272","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI107414","volume":"52","author":"DC Kem","year":"1973","unstructured":"Kem, D. C. et al. Circadian rhythm of plasma aldosterone concentration in patients with primary aldosteronism. J Clin Invest 52, 2272\u20137 (1973).","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"BFsrep28305_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.07.3338","volume":"191","author":"T Matsuura","year":"2008","unstructured":"Matsuura, T. et al. Radiologic anatomy of the right adrenal vein: preliminary experience with MDCT. AJR Am J Roentgenol 191, 402\u20138 (2008).","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"BFsrep28305_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.5152\/dir.2014.14026","volume":"21","author":"C Degenhart","year":"2015","unstructured":"Degenhart, C. et al. CT mapping of the vertebral level of right adrenal vein. Diagn Interv Radiol 21, 60\u20136 (2015).","journal-title":"Diagn Interv Radiol"},{"key":"BFsrep28305_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S143","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.25si055514","volume":"25","author":"N Daunt","year":"2005","unstructured":"Daunt, N. Adrenal vein sampling: how to make it quick, easy and successful. Radiographics 25 Suppl 1, S143\u201358 (2005).","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"BFsrep28305_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1177\/1470320312454765","volume":"14","author":"T Iwasaki","year":"2013","unstructured":"Iwasaki, T. et al. Effect of body mass index on the location of the right adrenal vein in patients with primary aldosteronism. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 14, 156\u201360 (2013).","journal-title":"J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst"},{"key":"BFsrep28305_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.134759","volume":"54","author":"D Miotto","year":"2009","unstructured":"Miotto, D. et al. Impact of accessory hepatic veins on adrenal vein sampling for identification of surgically curable primary aldosteronism. Hypertension 54, 885\u20139 (2009).","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"BFsrep28305_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-2830","volume":"97","author":"GP Rossi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rossi, G. P. et al. The Adrenal Vein Sampling International Study (AVIS) for identifying the major subtypes of primary aldosteronism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 97, 1606\u201314 (2012).","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"BFsrep28305_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.113.02097","volume":"63","author":"GP Rossi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rossi, G. P. et al. An expert consensus statement on use of adrenal vein sampling for the subtyping of primary aldosteronism. Hypertension 63, 151\u201360 (2014).","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"BFsrep28305_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.128553","volume":"53","author":"TM Seccia","year":"2009","unstructured":"Seccia, T. M. et al. Adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation during adrenal vein sampling for identifying surgically curable subtypes of primary aldosteronism: comparison of 3 different protocols. Hypertension 53, 761\u20136 (2009).","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"BFsrep28305_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197108052850608","volume":"285","author":"CE Fisher","year":"1971","unstructured":"Fisher, C. E., Turner, F. A. & Horton, R. Remission of primary hyperaldosteronism after adrenal venography. N Engl J Med 285, 334\u20136 (1971).","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"BFsrep28305_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-85-2-207","volume":"85","author":"HC Taylor","year":"1976","unstructured":"Taylor, H. C., Sachs, C. R. & Bravo, E. L. Letter: Primary aldosteronism: remission and development of adrenal insufficiency after adrenal venography. Ann Intern Med 85, 207\u20139 (1976).","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"BFsrep28305_CR29","first-page":"789","volume":"117","author":"PE Teixeira","year":"1977","unstructured":"Teixeira, P. E., Dwyer, D. E. & Viol, G. W. Remission of primary hyperaldosteronism consequent on adrenal venography. Can Med Assoc J 117, 789\u201390 (1977).","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"BFsrep28305_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.20706","volume":"21","author":"CN Parnaby","year":"2008","unstructured":"Parnaby, C. N., Galbraith, N. & O\u2019Dwyer, P. J. Experience in identifying the venous drainage of the adrenal gland during laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Clin Anat 21, 660\u20135 (2008).","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"key":"BFsrep28305_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/s00117-003-0897-4","volume":"43","author":"WA Kalender","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kalender, W. A. [The use of flat-panel detectors for CT imaging]. Radiologe 43, 379\u201387 (2003).","journal-title":"Radiologe"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep28305","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep28305.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep28305.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T17:18:01Z","timestamp":1672852681000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep28305"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,23]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,13]]}},"alternative-id":["BFsrep28305"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep28305","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 December 2015","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 June 2016","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 June 2016","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing financial interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"28305"}}