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The roles of TREM1 and sTREM1 in liver infection and inflammation are not clear. Here we show that patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection manifest elevated serum levels of sTREM1. In mice, experimental viral hepatitis induced by infection with Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV)-WE was likewise associated with increased sTREM1 in serum and urine and with increased TREM1 and its associated adapter molecule DAP12 in the liver. <jats:italic>Trem1<\/jats:italic>\u2212\/\u2212 mice showed accelerated clearance of LCMV-WE and manifested attenuated liver inflammation and injury. TREM1 expression in the liver of wild-type mice was mostly confined to infiltrating neutrophils, which responded to LCMV by secretion of CCL2 and TNF-\u03b1 and release of sTREM1. Accordingly, the production of CCL2 and TNF-\u03b1 was decreased in the livers of LCMV-infected <jats:italic>Trem1<\/jats:italic>\u2212\/\u2212 mice, as compared to LCMV-infected wildtype mice. These findings indicate that TREM1 plays a role in viral hepatitis, in which it seems to aggravate the immunopathology associated with viral clearance, mainly by increasing the inflammatory activity of neutrophils.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep28556","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,22]],"date-time":"2016-06-22T22:21:44Z","timestamp":1466634104000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Attenuated viral hepatitis in Trem1\u2212\/\u2212 mice is associated with reduced inflammatory activity of neutrophils"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Jan-Hendrik","family":"Kozik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanja","family":"Trautmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Carambia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Max","family":"Preti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"L\u00fctgehetmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Till","family":"Krech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christiane","family":"Wiegard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joerg","family":"Heeren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Herkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep28556_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3123","volume":"16","author":"A Iwasaki","year":"2015","unstructured":"Iwasaki, A. & Medzhitov, R. 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