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Using RAG-knockout mice as recipients of either splenocytes exclusively depleted of CD25<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells or FACS-purified CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD25<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>Foxp3<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> T cells, we found that the augmentation of potentially colitogenic na\u00efve T cell numbers in the inoculum was unexpectedly beneficial for the suppression of colon disease and maintenance of immune homeostasis. Protection against T cell-mediated colitis correlated with a significant increment in the frequency of peripherally-induced CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD25<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>Foxp3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T (pTreg) cells, especially in the mesenteric lymph nodes, an effect that required the presence of B cells and CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD25<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>Foxp3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells in physiological proportions. Our findings support a model whereby the interplay between B lymphocytes and a diversified na\u00efve T cell repertoire is critical for the generation of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD25<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>Foxp3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> pTreg cells and colitis suppression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep28573","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,29]],"date-time":"2016-06-29T09:37:06Z","timestamp":1467193026000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Enlarged colitogenic T cell population paradoxically supports colitis prevention through the B-lymphocyte-dependent peripheral generation of CD4+Foxp3+ Treg cells"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"F\u00e1bio Barrozo","family":"do Canto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sylvia Maria Nicolau","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Granato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafael F.","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luciana Souza","family":"de Paiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"N\u00f3brega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Bellio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Fucs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep28573_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200939602","volume":"39","author":"HH Uhlig","year":"2009","unstructured":"Uhlig, H. 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