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Fifteen adult male beagles were divided into five groups to inhale heated air or vapour for 10\u2009min as follows: control group (ordinary air), group I (91\u2013110\u2009\u00b0C heated air), group II (148\u2013175\u2009\u00b0C heated air), group III (209\u2013227\u2009\u00b0C heated air), and group IV (96\u2009\u00b0C saturated vapour). The heat quantity changes of the dry air and vapour were calculated via thermodynamic formulas. The macroscopic and histological features of the laryngopharynxes were examined and assessed by various tissue damage grading systems. Group IV exhibited the most serious laryngopharyngeal damage, including cilia exfoliation, submucosal thrombosis, glandular atrophy, and chondrocyte degeneration, which is indicative of fourth-degree injury. The quality, heat quantity, and proportional reduction of heat quantity of vapour in group IV were all higher than those in the other groups. Furthermore, we found that mucosal fluid evaporation is not the method of heat dissipation from thermal air inhalation injury used by the airways. Laryngopharyngeal tissue damage depends chiefly on the heat quantity of vapour in the air.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep28772","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,28]],"date-time":"2016-06-28T09:19:03Z","timestamp":1467105543000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Mucosal fluid evaporation is not the method of heat dissipation from fourth-degree laryngopharyngeal burns"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Jiang-bo","family":"Wan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guo-an","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-xuan","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chun-quan","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tai-ran","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep28772_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-1596-8-174","volume":"8","author":"C Bai","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bai, C. et al. 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