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While the molecular machinery driving host cell invasion and oocyst wall formation has been well documented in <jats:italic>Eimeria<\/jats:italic>, relatively little is known about the host cell modifications which lead to acquisition of nutrients and parasite growth. In order to understand the mechanism(s) by which nutrients are acquired by developing intracellular gametocytes and oocysts, we have performed uptake experiments using polystyrene nanoparticles (NPs) of 40\u2009nm and 100\u2009nm in size, as model NPs typical of organic macromolecules. Cytochalasin D and nocodazole were used to inhibit, respectively, the polymerization of the actin and microtubules. The results indicated that NPs entered the parasite at all stages of macrogametocyte development and early oocyst maturation via an active energy dependent process. Interestingly, the smaller NPs were found throughout the parasite cytoplasm, while the larger NPs were mainly localised to the lumen of large type 1 wall forming body organelles. NP uptake was reduced after microfilament disruption and treatment with nocodazole. These observations suggest that <jats:italic>E. maxima<\/jats:italic> parasites utilize at least 2 or more uptake pathways to internalize exogenous material during the sexual stages of development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep29030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,29]],"date-time":"2016-06-29T10:07:57Z","timestamp":1467194877000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Use of fluorescent nanoparticles to investigate nutrient acquisition by developing Eimeria maxima macrogametocytes"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Sonja","family":"Fr\u00f6lich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Wallach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep29030_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(05)60005-X","volume":"60","author":"MW Shirley","year":"2005","unstructured":"Shirley, M. 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