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Chorioamnionitis is associated with postnatal intestinal pathologies including necrotizing enterocolitis. The underlying mechanisms by which intra-amniotic<jats:italic>C.albicans<\/jats:italic>infection adversely affects the fetal gut remain unknown. Therefore, we assessed whether intra-amniotic<jats:italic>C.albicans<\/jats:italic>infection would cause intestinal inflammation and mucosal injury in an ovine model. Additionally, we tested whether treatment with the fungistatic fluconazole ameliorated the adverse intestinal outcome of intra-amniotic<jats:italic>C.albicans<\/jats:italic>infection. Pregnant sheep received intra-amniotic injections with 10<jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup>colony-forming units<jats:italic>C.albicans<\/jats:italic>or saline at 3 or 5 days before preterm delivery at 122 days of gestation. Fetuses were given intra-amniotic and intra-peritoneal fluconazole treatments 2 days after intra-amniotic administration of<jats:italic>C.albicans<\/jats:italic>. Intra-amniotic<jats:italic>C.albicans<\/jats:italic>caused intestinal colonization and invasive growth within the fetal gut with mucosal injury and intestinal inflammation, characterized by increased CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>lymphocytes, MPO<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>cells and elevated TNF-\u03b1 and IL-17 mRNA levels. Fluconazole treatment<jats:italic>in utero<\/jats:italic>decreased intestinal<jats:italic>C.albicans<\/jats:italic>colonization, mucosal injury but failed to attenuate intestinal inflammation. Intra-amniotic<jats:italic>C.albicans<\/jats:italic>caused intestinal infection, injury and inflammation. Fluconazole treatment decreased mucosal injury but failed to ameliorate<jats:italic>C.albicans<\/jats:italic>-mediated mucosal inflammation emphasizing the need to optimize the applied antifungal therapeutic strategy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep29806","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,14]],"date-time":"2016-07-14T11:42:26Z","timestamp":1468496546000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Intra-amniotic Candida albicans infection induces mucosal injury and inflammation in the ovine fetal intestine"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Nikiforou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esmee M.R.","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew W.","family":"Kemp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mathias W.","family":"Hornef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew S.","family":"Payne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masatoshi","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John P.","family":"Newnham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leon E.W.","family":"Janssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan H.","family":"Jobe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suhas G.","family":"Kallapur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Boris W.","family":"Kramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tim G.A.M.","family":"Wolfs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep29806_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12048","volume":"18","author":"H Blencowe","year":"2013","unstructured":"Blencowe, H. & Cousens, S. 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