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The purpose of the current study is to test the interaction between prenatal maternal smoking and <jats:italic>COMT Val<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>158<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup><jats:italic>Met<\/jats:italic> in conduct problems and crime in the 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study. Conduct problems were assessed through the parent version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire at ages 11 and 15 years. A translated version of a confidential self-report questionnaire was used to collect criminal data at 18 years of age. Negative binomial regression analyses showed an association between prenatal maternal smoking and SDQ conduct problem scores (IRR\u2009=\u20091.24; 95% CI: 1.14\u20131.34; p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) at 11 years of age. However, no evidence was found for an association between <jats:italic>COMT<\/jats:italic> genotypes and conduct scores or for an interaction between maternal smoking and this gene in predicting conduct problems. Very similar results were obtained using the 15 years conduct scores and crime measure at age 18. Prenatal maternal smoking was associated with crime (IRR\u2009=\u20091.28; 95% CI: 1.09\u20131.48; p\u2009=\u20090.002) but neither <jats:italic>COMT<\/jats:italic> genotypes nor the possible interaction between gene and maternal smoking were significantly associated with crime. Replications of GxE findings across different social contexts are critical for testing the robustness of findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep29900","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,18]],"date-time":"2016-07-18T09:17:45Z","timestamp":1468833465000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["COMT and prenatal maternal smoking in associations with conduct problems and crime: the Pelotas 1993 birth cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Ang\u00e9lica","family":"Salatino-Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Kieling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00falia Pasqualini","family":"Genro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guilherme","family":"Polanczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luciana","family":"Anselmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Wehrmeister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernando C.","family":"de Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Maria Baptista","family":"Menezes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis Augusto","family":"Rohde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mara Helena","family":"Hutz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep29900_CR1","unstructured":"Association, A. 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Criminology and Criminal Justice 10, 179\u2013209 (2010).","journal-title":"Criminology and Criminal Justice"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep29900.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep29900","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep29900.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T06:40:47Z","timestamp":1672900847000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep29900"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,18]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,28]]}},"alternative-id":["BFsrep29900"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep29900","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 May 2016","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 June 2016","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 July 2016","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Dr. Kieling receives research support from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico (CNPq), Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (CAPES), and Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS). He also receives authorship royalties from publishers Artmed and Manole. Dr. Guilherme Polanczyk receives research support from CNPq, S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), and University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP). He has served as a consultant to Shire. He has served on the speakers\u2019 bureau of Shire. He has received royalties from Editora Manole. Dr. Luis Augusto Rohde has been a member of the speakers\u2019 bureau\/advisory board and\/or acted as a consultant for Eli-Lilly, Janssen-Cilag, Novartis and Shire in the last three years. He receives authorship royalties from Oxford Press and ArtMed. He has also received travel awards from Shire for his participation of the 2014 APA and 2015 WFADHD meetings. The ADHD and Juvenile Bipolar Disorder Outpatient Programs chaired by him received unrestricted educational and research support from the following pharmaceutical companies in the last three years: Eli-Lilly, Janssen-Cilag, Novartis, and Shire. He also receives research support from Brazilian government institutions (CNPq, FAPERGS, HCPA and CAPES). Dr Mara H. Hutz receives support from CNPq, FINEP and CAPES. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"29900"}}