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However, the therapeutic activity of SDF-1\u03b1 is potentially limited by N-terminal cleavage at position-2 proline by a cell surface protein CD26\/dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV). Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a DPP-IV inhibitor and has been suggested as a promising agent for periodontal tissue repair. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of a cell-free system comprising SDF-1\u03b1 and scaffold plus PTH systemic application on periodontal tissue regeneration <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. The results showed that PTH\/SDF-1\u03b1 cotherapy improved the quantity of regenerated bone and resulted in better organization of ligament interface. We further investigated the possible mechanisms and found that PTH\/SDF-1\u03b1 cotherapy enhanced CD90+CD34\u2212 stromal cells migration <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>, increased the number of CXCR4\u2009+\u2009cells in periodontal defects, induced early bone osteoclastogenesis and enhanced the expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and collagen I (Col I) in newly formed bone tissue. In conclusion, this cell-free tissue engineering system with local administration of SDF-1\u03b1 and systemic application of PTH could be employed to induce CD90+CD34\u2212 stromal cells recruitment and promote periodontal tissue regeneration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep30403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,2]],"date-time":"2016-08-02T09:12:36Z","timestamp":1470129156000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["PTH\/SDF-1\u03b1 cotherapy induces CD90+CD34\u2212 stromal cells migration and promotes tissue regeneration in a rat periodontal defect model"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Fang","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingqian","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaohua","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep30403_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67728-8","volume":"366","author":"BL Pihlstrom","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pihlstrom, B. 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