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We profiled the fecal microbiota as a proxy of gut microbiota by parallel barcoded 454-pyrosequencing in 67 HIV-1-infected patients (32 receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy [HAART] and 35 HAART na\u00efve) and 16 healthy controls from a Chinese population. We showed that \u03b1-diversity indices did not differ significantly between the healthy control and HIV-1-infected patients. The ratio of Firmicutes\/Bacteroidetes increased significantly in HIV-1-infected patients. Several key bacterial phylotypes, including <jats:italic>Prevotella<\/jats:italic>, were prevalent in HIV-1-infected patients; whereas <jats:italic>Phascolarctobacterium<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Clostridium<\/jats:italic> XIVb, <jats:italic>Dialister<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Megamonas<\/jats:italic> were significantly correlated with systemic inflammatory cytokines. After short-term, effective HAART, the viral loads of HIV-1 were reduced; however, the diversity and composition of the fecal microbiota were not completely restored. and the dysbiosis remained among HIV-1-infected subjects undergoing HAART. Our detailed analysis demonstrated that dysbiosis of fecal microbiota might play an active role in HIV-1 infection. Thus, new insights may be provided into therapeutics that target the microbiota to attenuate the progression of HIV disease and to reduce the risk of gut-linked disease in HIV-1-infected patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep30673","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,1]],"date-time":"2016-08-01T10:12:28Z","timestamp":1470046348000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":159,"title":["Alterations in the Fecal Microbiota of Patients with HIV-1 Infection: An Observational Study in A Chinese Population"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Zongxin","family":"Ling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changzhong","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiansheng","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiwen","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lanjuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nanping","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep30673_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1011874","volume":"364","author":"MS Cohen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cohen, M. 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