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The timing and mechanism of such injury remains unclear. The reduced scattering coefficient of near-infrared light (\u03bc<jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\u2019) has been shown to correlate linearly with gestational age in neonates. To identify clinical variables associated with brain \u03bc<jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\u2019, 60 preterm and full-term infants were studied within 7 days of birth. Dependence of \u03bc<jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\u2019 obtained from the frontal head on clinical variables was assessed. In the univariate analysis, smaller \u03bc<jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\u2019 was associated with antenatal glucocorticoid, emergency Caesarean section, requirement for mechanical ventilation, smaller gestational age, smaller body sizes, low 1- and 5-minute Apgar scores, higher cord blood pH and PO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, and higher blood HCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> at the time of study. Multivariate analysis revealed that smaller gestational age, requirement for mechanical ventilation, and higher HCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup> at the time of study were correlated with smaller \u03bc<jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\u2019. Brain \u03bc<jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\u2019 depended on variables associated with physiological maturation and pathological conditions of the brain. 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