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Tracing Mesp1-expressing cells and their progeny allows isolation and characterization of the earliest cardiovascular progenitor cells. Studying the biology of Mesp1-CPCs in cell culture and ischemic disease models is an important initial step toward using them for heart disease treatment. Because of Mesp1\u2019s transitory nature, Mesp1-CPC lineages were traced by following EYFP expression in murine Mesp1\n                    <jats:sup>Cre\/+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ; Rosa26\n                    <jats:sup>EYFP\/+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ES cells. We captured EYFP+ cells that strongly expressed cardiac mesoderm markers and cardiac transcription factors, but not pluripotent or nascent mesoderm markers. BMP2\/4 treatment led to the expansion of EYFP+ cells, while Wnt3a and Activin were marginally effective. BMP2\/4 exposure readily led EYFP+ cells to endothelial and smooth muscle cells, but inhibition of the canonical Wnt signaling was required to enter the cardiomyocyte fate. Injected mouse pre-contractile Mesp1-EYFP+ CPCs improved the survivability of injured mice and restored the functional performance of infarcted hearts for at least 3 months. Mesp1-EYFP+ cells are\n                    <jats:italic>bona fide<\/jats:italic>\n                    CPCs and they integrated well in infarcted hearts and emerged\n                    <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic>\n                    into terminally differentiated cardiac myocytes, smooth muscle and vascular endothelial cells.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep31457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,19]],"date-time":"2016-08-19T07:26:12Z","timestamp":1471591572000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Mesp1 Marked Cardiac Progenitor Cells Repair Infarcted Mouse Hearts"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea Diaz","family":"Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"Benham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueping","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cori S.","family":"Wijaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faisal","family":"Fa\u2019ak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weijia","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Soibam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alon","family":"Azares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiongying","family":"Lyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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