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Thus, we examined whether<jats:italic>rs16147<\/jats:italic>, a functional promoter polymorphism (C&gt;T) of the<jats:italic>NPY<\/jats:italic>gene, could influence vagal tone during chronic high stress levels.<jats:italic>NPY<\/jats:italic>genotyping, chronic psychological stress level measurement (using the Perceived Stress Scale [PSS]), cardiac autonomic function assessment (using short-term heart rate variability [HRV]) were performed in 1123 healthy, drug-free Han Chinese participants who were divided into low- and high-PSS groups. In the high-PSS group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009522), the root mean square of successive heartbeat interval differences and high frequency power (both HRV indices of parasympathetic activity) were significantly increased in T\/T homozygotes compared to C\/C homozygotes. However, no significant between-genotype difference was found in any HRV variable in the low-PSS group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009601). Our results are the first to demonstrate that functional<jats:italic>NPY<\/jats:italic>variation alters chronic stress-related vagal control, suggesting a potential parasympathetic role for<jats:italic>NPY<\/jats:italic>gene in stress regulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep31683","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,16]],"date-time":"2016-08-16T09:36:44Z","timestamp":1471340204000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Association of neuropeptide Y promoter polymorphism (rs16147) with perceived stress and cardiac vagal outflow in humans"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Hsin-An","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen-Hui","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tieh-Ching","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"San-Yuan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chuan-Chia","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep31683_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.14.1685","volume":"298","author":"S Cohen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cohen, S., Janicki-Deverts, D. & Miller, G. 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