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The precise mechanism of glomerular sclerosis caused by glomerular hypertension is unclear, due partly to the absence of suitable <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> models capable of mimicking and regulating the complex mechanical forces and\/or organ-level disease processes. We developed a \u201cglomerulus-on-a-chip\u201d (GC) microfluidic device. This device reconstitutes the glomerulus with organ-level glomerular functions to create a disease model-on-a chip that mimics hypertensive nephropathy in humans. It comprises two channels lined by closely opposed layers of glomerular endothelial cells and podocytes that experience fluid flow of physiological conditions to mimic the glomerular microenvironment <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. Our results revealed that glomerular mechanical forces have a crucial role in cellular cytoskeletal rearrangement as well as the damage to cells and their junctions that leads to increased glomerular leakage observed in hypertensive nephropathy. Results also showed that the GC could readily and flexibly meet the demands of a renal-disease model. The GC could provide drug screening and toxicology testing and create potential new personalized and accurate therapeutic platforms for glomerular disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep31771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,25]],"date-time":"2016-08-25T09:42:15Z","timestamp":1472118135000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":126,"title":["Development of a Functional Glomerulus at the Organ Level on a Chip to Mimic Hypertensive Nephropathy"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Mengying","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xulang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taihua","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weidong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingzhou","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingcheng","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongli","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep31771_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2675","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.2010.485612","volume":"11","author":"PD Hart","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hart, P. 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