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Growing evidence showed that the high prevalence of \u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-adrenoceptor autoantibody (\u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-AA) in the sera of patients with various types of cardiovascular diseases decreased cardiac function. In the current study, we demonstrated that \u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-AA impaired the cardiac function evaluated by echocardiography and that \u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-AA triggered cardiac fibrosis in terms of increased expression of \u03b1-smooth muscle actin as the marker of myofibroblast and collagen deposition in a passive \u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-AA immunized mice model during 16 weeks. Further, we showed that \u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-AA activated \u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-AR\/cAMP\/PKA pathway and promoted proliferation in primary cardiac fibroblasts through specific binding to \u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-AR but not to \u03b2<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>-AR. Moreover, \u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-AA was also likely to promote proliferation in cardiac fibroblasts through activating p38MAPK and ERK1\/2 as p38MAPK inhibitor SB203580 and ERK1\/2 inhibitor PD98059 partially reversed the proliferative effect. The persistent activating signalling of PKA and P38MAPK in 1\u2009h induced by \u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-AA was associated with lacking agonist-induced desensitization phenomena. The conditioned medium from \u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-AA-stimulated cardiac fibroblasts induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, which indicated that \u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-AA changed the secretion of cardiac fibroblasts contributing to cardiac injury. These findings will contribute to our understanding of the pathological mechanisms of \u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-AA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep32430","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,31]],"date-time":"2016-08-31T15:44:30Z","timestamp":1472658270000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Proliferation in cardiac fibroblasts induced by \u03b21-adrenoceptor autoantibody and the underlying mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Tingting","family":"Lv","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunhui","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suli","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yulin","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huirong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep32430_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-013-1349-6","volume":"71","author":"P Kong","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kong, P., Christia, P. & Frangogiannis, N. 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