{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T07:02:37Z","timestamp":1792652557858,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]],"date-time":"2016-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472688000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]],"date-time":"2016-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Atmospheric-pressure N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, He, air, and O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> microplasma arrays have been used to investigate the effects of plasma treatment on seed germination and seedling growth of mung bean in aqueous solution. Seed germination and growth of mung bean were found to strongly depend on the feed gases used to generate plasma and plasma treatment time. Compared to the treatment with atmospheric-pressure O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and He microplasma arrays, treatment with air microplasma arrays was shown to be more efficient in improving both the seed germination rate and seedling growth, the effect attributed to solution acidification and interactions with plasma-generated reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Acidic environment caused by air discharge in water may promote leathering of seed chaps, thus enhancing the germination rate of mung bean, and stimulating the growth of hypocotyl and radicle. The interactions between plasma-generated reactive species, such as hydrogen peroxide (H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) and nitrogen compounds, and seeds led to a significant acceleration of seed germination and an increase in seedling length of mung bean. Electrolyte leakage rate of mung bean seeds soaked in solution activated using air microplasma was the lowest, while the catalase activity of thus-treated mung bean seeds was the highest compared to other types of microplasma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep32603","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]],"date-time":"2016-09-01T13:12:20Z","timestamp":1472735540000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":181,"title":["Effects of Atmospheric-Pressure N2, He, Air, and O2 Microplasmas on Mung Bean Seed Germination and Seedling Growth"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Renwu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rusen","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianhui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinxing","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Size","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kateryna","family":"Bazaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kostya","family":"Ostrikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.5b00566","volume":"116","author":"K Bazaka","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bazaka, K., Jacob, M. V. & Ostrikov, K. Sustainable life cycles of natural-precursor-derived nanocarbons. Chemical reviews 116, 163\u2013214 (2016).","journal-title":"Chemical reviews"},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48739","DOI":"10.1039\/C4RA17244B","volume":"5","author":"K Bazaka","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bazaka, K., Jacob, M., Chrzanowski, W. & Ostrikov, K. Anti-bacterial surfaces: natural agents, mechanisms of action, and plasma surface modification. Rsc Advances 5, 48739\u201348759 (2015).","journal-title":"Rsc Advances"},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201300431","volume":"3","author":"DH Seo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Seo, D. H. et al. Structure-controlled, vertical graphene-based, binder-free electrodes from plasma-reformed butter enhance supercapacitor performance. Advanced Energy Materials 3, 1316\u20131323 (2013).","journal-title":"Advanced Energy Materials"},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5702","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.5b01363","volume":"15","author":"MV Jacob","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jacob, M. V. et al. Catalyst-free plasma enhanced growth of graphene from sustainable sources. Nano letters 15, 5702\u20135708 (2015).","journal-title":"Nano letters"},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122003","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4933366","volume":"22","author":"M Ishaq","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ishaq, M., Bazaka, K. & Ostrikov, K. Intracellular effects of atmospheric-pressure plasmas on melanoma cancer cells. Physics of Plasmas 22, 122003 (2015).","journal-title":"Physics of Plasmas"},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2011.386","volume":"105","author":"M Keidar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Keidar, M. et al. Cold plasma selectivity and the possibility of a paradigm shift in cancer therapy. British journal of cancer 105, 1295\u20131301 (2011).","journal-title":"British journal of cancer"},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115011","DOI":"10.1088\/1367-2630\/11\/11\/115011","volume":"11","author":"G Morfill","year":"2009","unstructured":"Morfill, G., Kong, M. G. & Zimmermann, J. Focus on plasma medicine. New Journal of Physics 11, 115011 (2009).","journal-title":"New Journal of Physics"},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"045202","DOI":"10.1088\/1674-1056\/25\/4\/045202","volume":"25","author":"R Zhou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhou, R. et al. Surface diffuse discharge mechanism of well-aligned atmospheric pressure microplasma arrays. Chinese Physics B 25, 045202 (2016).","journal-title":"Chinese Physics B"},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"043702","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4863204","volume":"104","author":"X Zhang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhang, X. et al. Atmospheric cold plasma jet for plant disease treatment. Applied Physics Letters 104, 043702 (2014).","journal-title":"Applied Physics Letters"},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5859","DOI":"10.1038\/srep05859","volume":"4","author":"L Ling","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ling, L. et al. Effects of cold plasma treatment on seed germination and seedling growth of soybean. Scientific Reports 4, 5859 (2014).","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1038\/srep00741","volume":"2","author":"E Bormashenko","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bormashenko, E., Grynyov, R., Bormashenko, Y. & Drori, E. Cold radiofrequency plasma treatment modifies wettability and germination speed of plant seeds. Scientific Reports 2, 741 (2012).","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e97753","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0097753","volume":"9","author":"J Jiang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jiang, J. et al. Effect of seed treatment by cold plasma on the resistance of tomato to Ralstonia solanacearum (bacterial wilt). PloS one 9, e97753 (2014).","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263001","DOI":"10.1088\/0022-3727\/45\/26\/263001","volume":"45","author":"DB Graves","year":"2012","unstructured":"Graves, D. B. The emerging role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in redox biology and some implications for plasma applications to medicine and biology. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 45, 263001 (2012).","journal-title":"Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics"},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2007.09.076","volume":"99","author":"M Selcuk","year":"2008","unstructured":"Selcuk, M., Oksuz, L. & Basaran, P. Decontamination of grains and legumes infected with Aspergillus spp. and Penicillum spp. by cold plasma treatment. Bioresource Technology 99, 5104\u20135109 (2008).","journal-title":"Bioresource Technology"},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1007\/s11947-013-1126-4","volume":"7","author":"A Mitra","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mitra, A. et al. Inactivation of surface-borne microorganisms and increased germination of seed specimen by cold atmospheric plasma. Food and Bioprocess Technology 7, 645\u2013653 (2014).","journal-title":"Food and Bioprocess Technology"},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1088\/1009-0630\/16\/1\/12","volume":"16","author":"J Jiafeng","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jiafeng, J. et al. Effect of cold plasma treatment on seed germination and growth of wheat. Plasma Science and Technology 16, 54 (2014).","journal-title":"Plasma Science and Technology"},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/s11090-015-9684-z","volume":"36","author":"A Zahoranov\u00e1","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zahoranov\u00e1, A. et al. Effect of cold atmospheric pressure plasma on the wheat seedlings vigor and on the inactivation of microorganisms on the seeds surface. Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing 36, 397\u2013414 (2016).","journal-title":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing"},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1109\/27.842898","volume":"28","author":"A Dubinov","year":"2000","unstructured":"Dubinov, A., Lazarenko, E. & Selemir, V. Effect of glow discharge air plasma on grain crops seed. IEEE transactions on plasma science 28, 180\u2013183 (2000).","journal-title":"IEEE transactions on plasma science"},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3143","DOI":"10.1088\/1009-0630\/7\/6\/017","volume":"7","author":"Y Meiqiang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Meiqiang, Y., Mingjing, H., Buzhou, M. & Tengcai, M. Stimulating effects of seed treatment by magnetized plasma on tomato growth and yield. Plasma Science and Technology 7, 3143 (2005).","journal-title":"Plasma Science and Technology"},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4013","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erv206","volume":"66","author":"E Bormashenko","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bormashenko, E. et al. Interaction of cold radiofrequency plasma with seeds of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). Journal of experimental botany 66, 4013\u20134021 (2015).","journal-title":"Journal of experimental botany"},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"016201","DOI":"10.7567\/APEX.9.016201","volume":"9","author":"K Koga","year":"2015","unstructured":"Koga, K. et al. Simple method of improving harvest by nonthermal air plasma irradiation of seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.). Applied Physics Express 9, 016201 (2015).","journal-title":"Applied Physics Express"},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.4236\/as.2011.21004","volume":"02","author":"ZW Zhou","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhou, Z. W., Huang, Y. F., Yang, S. Z. & Chen, W. Introduction of a new atmospheric pressure plasma device and application on tomato seeds. Agricultural Sciences 02, 23\u201327 (2011).","journal-title":"Agricultural Sciences"},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1007\/s10812-014-9918-5","volume":"81","author":"II Filatova","year":"2014","unstructured":"Filatova, I. I. et al. Effect of rf plasma treatment on the germination and phytosanitary state of seeds. Journal of Applied Spectroscopy 81, 250\u2013256 (2014).","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Spectroscopy"},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1088\/1009-0630\/11\/6\/22","volume":"11","author":"Bozena","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bozena et al. Does cold plasma affect breaking dormancy and seed germination? A study on seeds of lamb\u2019s quarters (Chenopodium album agg.). Plasma Science and Technology 11, 750\u2013754 (2009).","journal-title":"Plasma Science and Technology"},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cap.2012.12.019","volume":"13","author":"DP Park","year":"2013","unstructured":"Park, D. P. et al. Reactive nitrogen species produced in water by non-equilibrium plasma increase plant growth rate and nutritional yield. Current Applied Physics 13, 19\u201329 (2013).","journal-title":"Current Applied Physics"},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1007\/s12393-014-9088-5","volume":"7","author":"B Surowsky","year":"2015","unstructured":"Surowsky, B., Schl\u00fcter, O. & Knorr, D. Interactions of non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma with solid and liquid food systems: a review. Food Engineering Reviews 7, 82\u2013108 (2015).","journal-title":"Food Engineering Reviews"},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cap.2013.11.056","volume":"14","author":"S Kitazaki","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kitazaki, S., Sarinont, T., Koga, K. et al. Plasma induced long-term growth enhancement of Raphanus sativus L. using combinatorial atmospheric air dielectric barrier discharge plasmas. Current Applied Physics 14, 149\u2013153 (2014).","journal-title":"Current Applied Physics"},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR28","first-page":"683","volume":"32","author":"S Kumar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kumar, S. & Kumar, R. Genetic improvement in mungbean [Vigna radiata (L). Wilzeck] for yield, nutrition and resistance to stresses-a review. International Journal of Tropical Agriculture 32, 683\u2013687 (2014).","journal-title":"International Journal of Tropical Agriculture"},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1002\/ppap.201500042","volume":"12","author":"LK Randeniya","year":"2015","unstructured":"Randeniya, L. K. et al. Non-thermal plasma treatment of agricultural seeds for stimulation of germination, removal of surface contamination and other benefits. Plasma Processes and Polymers 12, 608\u2013623 (2015).","journal-title":"Plasma Processes and Polymers"},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR30","unstructured":"Matthes, R., Assadian, O. & Kramer, A. Repeated applications of cold atmospheric pressure plasma does not induce resistance in Staphylococcus aureus embedded in biofilms. GMS Hygiene & Infection Control 9 (2014)."},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0130373","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0130373","volume":"10","author":"A Mai-Prochnow","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mai-Prochnow, A., Bradbury, M., Ostrikov, K. et al. Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm response and resistance to cold atmospheric pressure plasma is linked to the redox-active molecule Phenazine. PloS one 10, e0130373 (2015).","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5257","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01287-15","volume":"81","author":"R Zhou","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhou, R. et al. Inactivation of Escherichia coli cells in aqueous solution by atmospheric-pressure N2, He, Air, and O2 microplasmas. Applied and environmental microbiology 81, 5257\u20135265 (2015).","journal-title":"Applied and environmental microbiology"},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/s11090-014-9545-1","volume":"34","author":"C Chen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chen, C. et al. A model of plasma-biofilm and plasma-tissue interactions at ambient pressure. Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing 34, 403\u2013441 (2014).","journal-title":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing"},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2010.07.023","volume":"22","author":"R Liu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Liu, R., Hao, J., Liu, H. & Li, L. Application of electrolyzed functional water on producing mung bean sprouts. Food Control 22, 1311\u20131315 (2011).","journal-title":"Food Control"},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2015.02.027","volume":"282","author":"L Chandana","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chandana, L., Reddy, P. M. K. & Subrahmanyam, C. Atmospheric pressure non-thermal plasma jet for the degradation of methylene blue in aqueous medium. Chemical Engineering Journal 282, 116\u2013122 (2015).","journal-title":"Chemical Engineering Journal"},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1002\/ppap.201100075","volume":"9","author":"Y Song","year":"2012","unstructured":"Song, Y. et al. The inactivation of resistant Candida Albicans in a sealed package by cold atmospheric pressure Plasmas. Plasma Processes & Polymers 9, 17\u201321 (2012).","journal-title":"Plasma Processes & Polymers"},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1002\/ppap.201500088","volume":"13","author":"X Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang, X. et al. Treatment of Ribonucleoside Solution With Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma. Plasma Processes & Polymers 13, 429\u2013437 (2015).","journal-title":"Plasma Processes & Polymers"},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1088\/0963-0252\/23\/1\/015019","volume":"23","author":"P Lukes","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lukes, P., Dolezalova, E., Sisrova, I. & Clupek, M. Aqueous-phase chemistry and bactericidal effects from an air discharge plasma in contact with water: evidence for the formation of peroxynitrite through a pseudo-second-order post-discharge reaction of H2O2 and HNO2 . Plasma Sources Science & Technology 23, 184\u2013195 (2014).","journal-title":"Plasma Sources Science & Technology"},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1002\/ppap.200900077","volume":"7","author":"K Oehmigen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Oehmigen, K. et al. The Role of Acidification for Antimicrobial Activity of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma in Liquids. Plasma Processes & Polymers 7, 250\u2013257 (2010).","journal-title":"Plasma Processes & Polymers"},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/s11090-015-9627-8","volume":"35","author":"T Stol\u00e1rik","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stol\u00e1rik, T. et al. Effect of low-temperature plasma on the structure of seeds, growth and metabolism of endogenous phytohormones in pea (Pisum sativum L.). Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing 35, 659\u2013676 (2015).","journal-title":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing"},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifset.2015.02.006","volume":"29","author":"D Dobrin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dobrin, D., Magureanu, M., Mandache, N. B. & Ionita, M.-D. The effect of non-thermal plasma treatment on wheat germination and early growth. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies 29, 255\u2013260 (2015).","journal-title":"Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies"},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR42","first-page":"3","volume":"6","author":"A Marmur","year":"2009","unstructured":"Marmur, A. A Guide To The Equilibrium Contact Angles Maze. In Contact Angle Wettability and Adhesion, V. 6, pp. 3\u201318, ed. by K. L. Mittal, Brill\/VSP, Leiden, 2009).","journal-title":"Contact Angle Wettability and Adhesion"},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR43","first-page":"988","volume":"28","author":"F Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li, F., Wu, W., Ning, A. & Wang, J. Resistance of solid surfaces to wetting by water. International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering 28, 988\u2013951 (2015).","journal-title":"International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering"},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"085201","DOI":"10.1088\/1674-1056\/24\/8\/085201","volume":"24","author":"R Zhou","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhou, R. et al. Reactive oxygen species in plasma against E. coli cells survival rate. Chinese Physics B 24, 085201 (2015).","journal-title":"Chinese Physics B"},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7248","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8248","volume":"6","author":"P Rumbach","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rumbach, P., Bartels, D. M., Sankaran, R. M. & Go, D. B. The solvation of electrons by an atmospheric-pressure plasma. Nature Communications 6, 7248 (2015).","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1007\/s11090-014-9573-x","volume":"34","author":"A Lindsay","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lindsay, A. et al. Fertilization of radishes, tomatoes, and marigolds using a large-volume atmospheric glow discharge. Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing 34, 1271\u20131290 (2014).","journal-title":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing"},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.5586\/asbp.2013.018","volume":"82","author":"M Kasprowicz-Potocka","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kasprowicz-Potocka, M., Walachowska, E., Zaworska, A. & Frankiewicz, A. The assessment of influence of different nitrogen compounds and time on germination of Lupinus angustifolius seeds and chemical composition of final products. Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 82, 199\u2013206 (2013).","journal-title":"Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae"},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sajb.2015.03.185","volume":"99","author":"MM Motsa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Motsa, M. M., Slabbert, M. M., Averbeke, W. V. & Morey, L. Effect of light and temperature on seed germination of selected African leafy vegetables. South African Journal of Botany 99, 29\u201335 (2015).","journal-title":"South African Journal of Botany"},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2013.02.008","volume":"33","author":"R Liu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Liu, R. et al. The effect of electrolyzed water on decontamination, germination and \u03b3-aminobutyric acid accumulation of brown rice. Food control 33, 1\u20135 (2013).","journal-title":"Food control"},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR50","first-page":"13","volume":"27","author":"M P\u00e9rez-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2006","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez-Fern\u00e1ndez, M., Calvo-Magro, E., Montanero-Fern\u00e1ndez, J. & Oyola-elasco, J. Seed germination in response to chemicals: effect of nitrogen and pH in the media. Journal of environmental biology 27, 13 (2006).","journal-title":"Journal of environmental biology"},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.2307\/4003941","volume":"56","author":"TA Monaco","year":"2003","unstructured":"Monaco, T. A. et al. Nitrogen effects on seed germination and seedling growth. Journal of Range management 56, 646\u2013653 (2003).","journal-title":"Journal of Range management"},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s10265-005-0212-8","volume":"118","author":"W Li","year":"2005","unstructured":"Li, W., Liu, X., Khan, M. A. & Yamaguchi, S. The effect of plant growth regulators, nitric oxide, nitrate, nitrite and light on the germination of dimorphic seeds of Suaeda salsa under saline conditions. Journal of plant research 118, 207\u2013214 (2005).","journal-title":"Journal of plant research"},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.2135\/cropsci1994.0011183X003400020025x","volume":"34","author":"M B\u00e4nziger","year":"1994","unstructured":"B\u00e4nziger, M., Feil, B. & Stamp, P. Competition between nitrogen accumulation and grain growth for carbohydrates during grain filling of wheat. Crop science 34, 440\u2013446 (1994).","journal-title":"Crop science"},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR54","first-page":"803","volume":"38","author":"X Chai","year":"1995","unstructured":"Chai, X. et al. Influence of different concentrations of NO3\u2212 and NH4+ on the activity of glutamine synthetase and other relevant enzymes of nitrogen matabolism in wheat roots. Acta Botanica Sinica 38, 803\u2013808 (1995).","journal-title":"Acta Botanica Sinica"},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.arplant.55.031903.141701","volume":"55","author":"K Apel","year":"2004","unstructured":"Apel, K. & Hirt, H. Reactive oxygen species: metabolism, oxidative stress, and signal transduction. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 55, 373\u2013399 (2004).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Plant Biol."},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1007\/s11627-009-9275-x","volume":"46","author":"SW Li","year":"2010","unstructured":"Li, S. W. & Xue, L. The interaction between H2O2 and NO, Ca2+, cGMP, and MAPKs during adventitious rooting in mung bean seedlings. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant 46, 142\u2013148 (2010).","journal-title":"In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant"},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR57","first-page":"0155584","volume":"11","author":"R Zhou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhou, R. et al. Interaction of atmospheric-pressure air microplasmas with amino acids as fundamental processes in aqueous solution. Plos One 11, 0155584 (2016).","journal-title":"Plos One"},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpme.2015.11.003","volume":"3","author":"H Jablonowski","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jablonowski, H. & von Woedtke, T. Research on plasma medicine-relevant plasma-liquid interaction: What happened in the past five years? Clinical Plasma Medicine 3, 42\u201352 (2015).","journal-title":"Clinical Plasma Medicine"},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113042","DOI":"10.1088\/1367-2630\/14\/11\/113042","volume":"14","author":"V Boxhammer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Boxhammer, V. et al. Bactericidal action of cold atmospheric plasma in solution. New Journal of Physics 14, 113042 (2012).","journal-title":"New Journal of Physics"},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR60","first-page":"32e35","volume":"26","author":"SM He","year":"2007","unstructured":"He, S. M., Bai, Z. M. & Qin, J. S. Study of H2O2 on promoting germination of soybean seed. Seed 26, 32e35 (2007).","journal-title":"Seed"},{"key":"BFsrep32603_CR61","unstructured":"Zhang, Z., Zhang, M. & Wei, R. Plant physiology experiment guidance. Beijing: China agricultural science and technology press, (2004)."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep32603.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep32603","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep32603.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T23:47:33Z","timestamp":1672876053000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep32603"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,16]]}},"alternative-id":["BFsrep32603"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep32603","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 May 2016","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 August 2016","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 September 2016","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing financial interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"32603"}}