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However, its role in the reproductive axis in male animals remains to be understood. Here, we found that nesfatin-1 was mainly distributed in the arcuate nucleus (ARC), paraventricular nucleus (PVN), periventricular nucleus (PeN), and lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) of the hypothalamus; adenohypophysis and Leydig cells in male rats. Moreover, the concentrations of serum nesfatin-1 and its mRNA in hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPGA) vary with the age of the male rat. After intracerebroventricular injection of nesfatin-1, the hypothalamic genes for gonadotrophin releasing hormone (<jats:italic>GnRH<\/jats:italic>), kisspeptin (<jats:italic>Kiss-1<\/jats:italic>), pituitary genes for follicle-stimulate hormone \u03b2(<jats:italic>FSH\u03b2<\/jats:italic>), luteinizing hormone \u03b2(<jats:italic>LH\u03b2<\/jats:italic>), and genes for testicular steroidogenic acute regulatory (<jats:italic>StAR<\/jats:italic>) expression levels were decreased significantly. Nesfatin-1 significantly increased the expression of genes for 3\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (<jats:italic>3\u03b2-HSD<\/jats:italic>), 17\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (<jats:italic>17\u03b2-HSD<\/jats:italic>), and cytochrome P450 cleavage (<jats:italic>P450scc<\/jats:italic>) in the testis of pubertal rats, but their levels decreased in adult rats (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), along with the serum FSH, LH, and testosterone (T) concentrations. After nesfatin-1 addition <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>, T concentrations of the supernatant were significantly higher than that in the control group. These results were suggestive of the role of nesfatin-1 in the regulation of the reproductive axis in male rats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep32877","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,7]],"date-time":"2016-09-07T10:20:35Z","timestamp":1473243635000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Role of Nesfatin-1 in the Reproductive Axis of Male Rat"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Xiaoxiao","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaifa","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiumei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunhai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunsheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaorong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yinghui","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fugui","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ya","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep32877_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05162","volume":"443","author":"S Oh-I","year":"2006","unstructured":"Oh-I, S. et al. 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