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Our understanding of the growth activities of these microorganisms <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> is very limited. Previous studies have shown that copy numbers of ribosomal-RNA precursor (pre-rRNA) of specific pathogen species relative to genomic-DNA (gDNA) of the same species (P:G ratios) are greater in actively growing bacterial cells than in resting cells. The method, so-called steady-state pre-rRNA-analysis, represents a novel culture-independent approach to study bacteria. This study employed this technique to examine the <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> growth activities of oral bacteria in periodontitis before and after non-surgical periodontal therapy. Sub-gingival paper-point samples were taken at initial and re-evaluation appointments. Pre-rRNA and gDNA levels of <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>F. alocis<\/jats:italic> were quantified and compared using reverse-transcriptase qPCR. The results indicate significantly reduced growth activity of <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>, but not <jats:italic>F.<\/jats:italic> alocis, after therapy. The P:G ratios of <jats:italic>P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>F. alocis<\/jats:italic> were compared and a low-strength, but statistically significant inter-species correlation was detected. Our study demonstrates that steady-state pre-rRNA-analysis can be a valuable culture-independent approach to studying opportunistic bacteria in periodontitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep33638","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,19]],"date-time":"2016-09-19T09:46:46Z","timestamp":1474278406000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["In Situ Anabolic Activity of Periodontal Pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis and Filifactor alocis in Chronic Periodontitis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Ralee","family":"Spooner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kris M.","family":"Weigel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter L.","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"KyuLim","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerard A.","family":"Cangelosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d6zlem","family":"Yilmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep33638_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67728-8","volume":"366","author":"BL Pihlstrom","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pihlstrom, B. 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