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Some non-pandemic subtype B strains of Caribbean origin (B\n                    <jats:sub>CAR<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) may have also reached North America and Europe, but their epidemiological relevance in those regions remains largely unknown. Here we analyze a total of 20,045 HIV-1 subtype B\n                    <jats:italic>pol<\/jats:italic>\n                    sequences from the US, Canada and Europe, to estimate the prevalence and to reconstruct the spatiotemporal dynamics of dissemination of HIV-1 B\n                    <jats:sub>CAR<\/jats:sub>\n                    strains in those regions. We find that B\n                    <jats:sub>CAR<\/jats:sub>\n                    strains were probably disseminated from the Caribbean into North America and Europe at multiple times since the early 1970s onwards. The B\n                    <jats:sub>CAR<\/jats:sub>\n                    strains reached the US, Canada and at least 16 different European countries, where they account for a very low fraction (&lt;5%) of subtype B infections, with exception of the Czech Republic (7.7%). We also find evidence of the onward transmission of B\n                    <jats:sub>CAR<\/jats:sub>\n                    clades in the US, Canada, the Czech Republic, Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK, as well as short-distance spreading of B\n                    <jats:sub>CAR<\/jats:sub>\n                    lineages between neighboring European countries from Central and Western Europe and long-distance dissemination between the US and Europe.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep33971","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,22]],"date-time":"2016-09-22T05:42:35Z","timestamp":1474522955000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Multiple introductions and onward transmission of non-pandemic HIV-1 subtype B strains in North America and Europe."],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Marina","family":"Cabello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hector","family":"Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gonzalo","family":"Bello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep33971_CR1","unstructured":"UNAIDS. 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