{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T13:06:53Z","timestamp":1792674413836,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,4]],"date-time":"2016-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475539200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,4]],"date-time":"2016-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Secondary lymphedema is a common complication of cancer treatment characterized by chronic limb swelling with interstitial inflammation. The rodent hindlimb is a widely used model for the evaluation of novel lymphedema treatments. However, the assessment of limb volume in small animals is challenging. Recently, high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) imaging modalities have been introduced for rodent limb volumetry. In the present study we evaluated the validity of microcomputed tomography (\u03bcCT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound in comparison to conventional measuring techniques. For this purpose, acute lymphedema was induced in the mouse hindlimb by a modified popliteal lymphadenectomy. The 4-week course of this type of lymphedema was first assessed in 6 animals. In additional 12 animals, limb volumes were analyzed by \u03bcCT, 9.4 T MRI and 30\u2009MHz ultrasound as well as by planimetry, circumferential length and paw thickness measurements. Interobserver correlation was high for all modalities, in particular for \u03bcCT analysis (r\u2009=\u20090.975, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Importantly, caliper-measured paw thickness correlated well with \u03bcCT (r\u2009=\u20090.861), MRI (r\u2009=\u20090.821) and ultrasound (r\u2009=\u20090.800). Because the assessment of paw thickness represents a time- and cost-effective approach, it may be ideally suited for the quantification of rodent hindlimb lymphedema.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep34673","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,4]],"date-time":"2016-10-04T12:04:02Z","timestamp":1475582642000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["High-resolution 3D volumetry versus conventional measuring techniques for the assessment of experimental lymphedema in the mouse hindlimb"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Florian S.","family":"Frueh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"K\u00f6rbel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Gassert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Epameinondas","family":"Gousopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Lindenblatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Giovanoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias W.","family":"Laschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Menger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep34673_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2008.1008","volume":"6","author":"LN Cueni","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cueni, L. N. & Detmar, M. The lymphatic system in health and disease. Lymphat. Res. Biol. 6, 109\u2013122 (2008).","journal-title":"Lymphat. Res. Biol."},{"key":"BFsrep34673_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863X10364553","volume":"15","author":"SG Rockson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rockson, S. G. Current concepts and future directions in the diagnosis and management of lymphatic vascular disease. Vasc. Med. 15, 223\u2013231 (2010).","journal-title":"Vasc. Med."},{"key":"BFsrep34673_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863X9700200408","volume":"2","author":"A Szuba","year":"1997","unstructured":"Szuba, A. & Rockson, S. G. Lymphedema: anatomy, physiology and pathogenesis. Vasc. Med. 2, 321\u2013326 (1997).","journal-title":"Vasc. Med."},{"key":"BFsrep34673_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2545","volume":"17","author":"K Alitalo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Alitalo, K. The lymphatic vasculature in disease. Nat. Med. 17, 1371\u20131380 (2011).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"BFsrep34673_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI71608","volume":"124","author":"PS Mortimer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mortimer, P. S. & Rockson, S. G. New developments in clinical aspects of lymphatic disease. J. Clin. Invest. 124, 915\u2013921 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"BFsrep34673_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1038\/75997","volume":"25","author":"MJ Karkkainen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Karkkainen, M. J. et al. Missense mutations interfere with VEGFR-3 signalling in primary lymphoedema. Nat. Genet. 25, 153\u2013159 (2000).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"BFsrep34673_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000001525","volume":"264","author":"A Bramos","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bramos, A. et al. Prevention of Postsurgical Lymphedema by 9-cis Retinoic Acid. Ann. Surg. 264, 353\u2013361 (2016).","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"BFsrep34673_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181adcf4b","volume":"124","author":"T Avraham","year":"2009","unstructured":"Avraham, T. et al. Fibrosis is a key inhibitor of lymphatic regeneration. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 124, 438\u2013450 (2009).","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"BFsrep34673_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-07-2454","volume":"68","author":"C Hadamitzky","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hadamitzky, C. & Pabst, R. Acquired lymphedema: an urgent need for adequate animal models. Cancer Res. 68, 343\u2013345 (2008).","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"BFsrep34673_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(13)70076-7","volume":"14","author":"T DiSipio","year":"2013","unstructured":"DiSipio, T., Rye, S., Newman, B. & Hayes, S. Incidence of unilateral arm lymphoedema after breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Oncol. 14, 500\u2013515 (2013).","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"BFsrep34673_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2015.07.005","volume":"200","author":"FS Frueh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Frueh, F. S. et al. Animal models in surgical lymphedema research--a systematic review. J. Surg. Res. 200, 208\u2013220 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Surg. Res."},{"key":"BFsrep34673_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H2250","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01159.2011","volume":"302","author":"U Mendez","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mendez, U., Brown, E. M., Ongstad, E. L., Slis, J. R. & Goldman, J. Functional recovery of fluid drainage precedes lymphangiogenesis in acute murine foreleg lymphedema. Am. J. Physiol. Heart. Circ. Physiol. 302, H2250\u2013H2256 (2012).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart. Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"BFsrep34673_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1107","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00522.2012","volume":"303","author":"U Mendez","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mendez, U., Stroup, E. M., Lynch, L. L., Waller, A. B. & Goldman, J. A chronic and latent lymphatic insufficiency follows recovery from acute lymphedema in the rat foreleg. Am. J. Physiol. Heart. Circ. Physiol. 303, H1107\u2013H1113 (2012).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart. Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"BFsrep34673_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1689","volume":"13","author":"T Tammela","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tammela, T. et al. Therapeutic differentiation and maturation of lymphatic vessels after lymph node dissection and transplantation. Nat. Med. 13, 1458\u20131466 (2007).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"BFsrep34673_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000436840.69752.7e","volume":"133","author":"SZ Aschen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Aschen, S. Z. et al. Lymph node transplantation results in spontaneous lymphatic reconnection and restoration of lymphatic flow. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 133, 301\u2013310 (2014).","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"BFsrep34673_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192e","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000437257.78327.5b","volume":"133","author":"MH Cheng","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cheng, M. H. et al. The mechanism of vascularized lymph node transfer for lymphedema: natural lymphaticovenous drainage. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 133, 192e\u2013198e (2014).","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"BFsrep34673_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000000286","volume":"134","author":"WJ Joseph","year":"2014","unstructured":"Joseph, W. J. et al. Sterile inflammation after lymph node transfer improves lymphatic function and regeneration. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 134, 60\u201368 (2014).","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"BFsrep34673_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.22388","volume":"36","author":"DH Nguyen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nguyen, D. H. et al. Quantity of lymph nodes correlates with improvement in lymphatic drainage in treatment of hind limb lymphedema with lymph node flap transfer in rats. Microsurgery. 36, 239\u2013245 (2016).","journal-title":"Microsurgery."},{"key":"BFsrep34673_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2011.02.051","volume":"32","author":"JH Hwang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hwang, J. H. et al. Therapeutic lymphangiogenesis using stem cell and VEGF-C hydrogel. Biomaterials. 32, 4415\u20134423 (2011).","journal-title":"Biomaterials."},{"key":"BFsrep34673_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.2217\/rme.15.24","volume":"10","author":"S Yoshida","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yoshida, S. et al. Adipose-derived stem cell transplantation for therapeutic lymphangiogenesis in a mouse secondary lymphedema model. Regen. Med. 10, 549\u2013562 (2015).","journal-title":"Regen. Med."},{"key":"BFsrep34673_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2011.0010","volume":"10","author":"T Sommer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sommer, T. et al. Quantification of lymphedema in a rat model by 3D-active contour segmentation by magnetic resonance imaging. Lymphat. Res. Biol. 10, 25\u201329 (2012).","journal-title":"Lymphat. Res. Biol."},{"key":"BFsrep34673_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e121","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000000064","volume":"2","author":"CY Yang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yang, C. Y. et al. Developing a Lower Limb Lymphedema Animal Model with Combined Lymphadenectomy and Low-dose Radiation. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. Glob. Open. 2, e121 (2014).","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg. Glob. Open."},{"key":"BFsrep34673_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2089","volume":"9","author":"CA Schneider","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schneider, C. A., Rasband, W. S. & Eliceiri, K. W. NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis. Nat. Methods. 9, 671\u2013675 (2012).","journal-title":"Nat. Methods."},{"key":"BFsrep34673_CR24","first-page":"34","volume":"32","author":"RG Baumeister","year":"2016","unstructured":"Baumeister, R. G. et al. Microsurgical Lymphatic Vessel Transplantation. J. Reconstr. Microsurg. 32, 34\u201341 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Reconstr. Microsurg."},{"key":"BFsrep34673_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-947150","volume":"16","author":"I Koshima","year":"2000","unstructured":"Koshima, I., Inagawa, K., Urushibara, K. & Moriguchi, T. Supermicrosurgical lymphaticovenular anastomosis for the treatment of lymphedema in the upper extremities. J. Reconstr. Microsurg. 16, 437\u2013442 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Reconstr. Microsurg."},{"key":"BFsrep34673_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000201258.10304.16","volume":"243","author":"C Becker","year":"2006","unstructured":"Becker, C., Assouad, J., Riquet, M. & Hidden, G. Postmastectomy lymphedema: long-term results following microsurgical lymph node transplantation. Ann. Surg. 243, 313\u2013315 (2006).","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"BFsrep34673_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.965384","volume":"123","author":"M L\u00e4hteenvuo","year":"2011","unstructured":"L\u00e4hteenvuo, M. et al. Growth factor therapy and autologous lymph node transfer in lymphedema. Circulation. 123, 613\u2013620 (2011).","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"BFsrep34673_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e31826ed043","volume":"257","author":"KM Honkonen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Honkonen, K. M. et al. Lymph node transfer and perinodal lymphatic growth factor treatment for lymphedema. Ann. Surg. 257, 961\u2013967 (2013).","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"BFsrep34673_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2013.0030","volume":"12","author":"JH Hwang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hwang, J. H., Lee, C. H., Lee, H. H. & Kim, S. Y. A new soft tissue volume measurement strategy using ultrasonography. Lymphat. Res. Biol. 12, 89\u201394 (2014).","journal-title":"Lymphat. Res. Biol."},{"key":"BFsrep34673_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI71612","volume":"124","author":"EM Sevick-Muraca","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sevick-Muraca, E. M., Kwon, S. & Rasmussen, J. C. Emerging lymphatic imaging technologies for mouse and man. J. Clin. Invest. 124, 905\u2013914 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"BFsrep34673_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.10583","volume":"50","author":"H Kobayashi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kobayashi, H. et al. Comparison of dendrimer-based macromolecular contrast agents for dynamic micro-magnetic resonance lymphangiography. Magn. Reson. Med. 50, 758\u2013766 (2003).","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med."},{"key":"BFsrep34673_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2006.4405","volume":"4","author":"D Pan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pan, D., Suzuki, Y., Yang, P. C. & Rockson, S. G. Indirect magnetic resonance lymphangiography to assess lymphatic function in experimental murine lymphedema. Lymphat. Res. Biol. 4, 211\u2013216 (2006).","journal-title":"Lymphat. Res. Biol."},{"key":"BFsrep34673_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2007.5302","volume":"5","author":"R Mounzer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mounzer, R. et al. Dynamic imaging of lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes using a bimodal nanoparticulate contrast agent. Lymphat. Res. Biol. 5, 151\u2013158 (2007).","journal-title":"Lymphat. Res. Biol."},{"key":"BFsrep34673_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201200238","volume":"2","author":"K Hayashi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hayashi, K., Nakamura, M. & Ishimura, K. Near-infrared fluorescent silica-coated gold nanoparticle clusters for x-ray computed tomography\/optical dual modal imaging of the lymphatic system. Adv. Healthc. Mater. 2, 756\u2013763 (2013).","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"key":"BFsrep34673_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116009","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.19.11.116009","volume":"19","author":"C Martel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Martel, C. et al. Photoacoustic lymphatic imaging with high spatial-temporal resolution. J. Biomed. Opt. 19, 116009 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Opt."},{"key":"BFsrep34673_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327113482594","volume":"33","author":"N Shejawal","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shejawal, N., Menon, S. & Shailajan, S. A simple, sensitive and accurate method for rat paw volume measurement and its expediency in preclinical animal studies. Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 33, 123\u2013129 (2014).","journal-title":"Hum. Exp. Toxicol."},{"key":"BFsrep34673_CR37","first-page":"111","volume":"32","author":"L Lee-Donaldson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lee-Donaldson, L. et al. Refinement of a rodent model of peripheral lymphedema. Lymphology. 32, 111\u2013117 (1999).","journal-title":"Lymphology."},{"key":"BFsrep34673_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0b013e31821ee3dd","volume":"69","author":"K Oashi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Oashi, K. et al. A new model of acquired lymphedema in the mouse hind limb: a preliminary report. Ann. Plast. Surg. 69, 565\u2013568 (2012).","journal-title":"Ann. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"BFsrep34673_CR39","first-page":"208912","volume":"2013","author":"HS Park","year":"2013","unstructured":"Park, H. S. et al. Modification of a rodent hindlimb model of secondary lymphedema: surgical radicality versus radiotherapeutic ablation. Biomed. Res. Int. 2013, 208912 (2013).","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"BFsrep34673_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-006-9213-0","volume":"99","author":"RJ Damstra","year":"2006","unstructured":"Damstra, R. J., Glazenburg, E. J. & Hop, W. C. Validation of the inverse water volumetry method: A new gold standard for arm volume measurements. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 99, 267\u2013273 (2006).","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res. Treat."},{"key":"BFsrep34673_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1089\/lrb.2006.4.153","volume":"4","author":"D Pan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pan, D., Han, J., Wilburn, P. & Rockson, S. G. Validation of a new technique for the quantitation of edema in the experimental setting. Lymphat. Res. Biol. 4, 153\u2013158 (2006).","journal-title":"Lymphat. Res. Biol."},{"key":"BFsrep34673_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000000428","volume":"76","author":"R Shioya","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shioya, R. et al. Prevention of Lymphedematous Change in the Mouse Hindlimb by Nonvascularized Lymph Node Transplantation. Ann. Plast. Surg. 76, 442\u2013445 (2016).","journal-title":"Ann. Plast. Surg."},{"key":"BFsrep34673_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2014.3794","volume":"151","author":"KA Fajardo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fajardo, K. A. et al. Bilateral lower extremity inflammatory lymphedema in Air Force basic trainees: clinical and epidemiologic study of a new disease entity. JAMA Dermatol. 151, 395\u2013400 (2015).","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol."},{"key":"BFsrep34673_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2978","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.09-129874","volume":"23","author":"HF Zhou","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zhou, H. F., Chan, H. W., Wickline, S. A., Lanza, G. M. & Pham, C. T. Alphavbeta3-targeted nanotherapy suppresses inflammatory arthritis in mice. FASEB J. 23, 2978\u20132985 (2009).","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"BFsrep34673_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3526","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12715","volume":"171","author":"W Xin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Xin, W. et al. Methyl salicylate lactoside inhibits inflammatory response of fibroblast-like synoviocytes and joint destruction in collagen-induced arthritis in mice. Br. J. Pharmacol. 171, 3526\u20133538 (2014).","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"BFsrep34673_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.06.031","volume":"49","author":"K Laperre","year":"2011","unstructured":"Laperre, K. et al. Development of micro-CT protocols for in vivo follow-up of mouse bone architecture without major radiation side effects. Bone. 49, 613\u2013622 (2011).","journal-title":"Bone."},{"key":"BFsrep34673_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R67","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/46\/5\/201","volume":"46","author":"A Fenster","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fenster, A., Downey, D. B. & Cardinal, H. N. Three-dimensional ultrasound imaging. Phys. Med. Biol. 46, R67\u2013R99 (2001).","journal-title":"Phys. Med. Biol."},{"key":"BFsrep34673_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90837-8","volume":"1","author":"JM Bland","year":"1986","unstructured":"Bland, J. M. & Altman, D. G. Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. Lancet. 1, 307\u2013310 (1986).","journal-title":"Lancet."}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep34673.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep34673","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep34673.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T01:53:23Z","timestamp":1672883603000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep34673"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,4]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,16]]}},"alternative-id":["BFsrep34673"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep34673","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 July 2016","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 September 2016","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 October 2016","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing financial interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"34673"}}