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First, immunohistochemistry revealed that VAP-1 localized to endothelial cells of intra-plaque neovessels in human carotid endarterectomy samples from patients with recent ischemic symptoms. In low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice expressing only apolipoprotein B100 (LDLR<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>ApoB<jats:sup>100\/100<\/jats:sup>), VAP-1 was expressed on endothelial cells lining inflamed atherosclerotic lesions; normal vessel walls in aortas of C57BL\/6N control mice were VAP-1-negative. Second, we discovered that the focal uptake of VAP-1 targeting sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 9 based PET tracer [<jats:sup>68<\/jats:sup>Ga]DOTA-Siglec-9 in atherosclerotic plaques was associated with the density of activated macrophages (r\u2009=\u20090.58, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.022). As a final point, we found that the inhibition of VAP-1 activity with small molecule LJP1586 decreased the density of macrophages in inflamed atherosclerotic plaques in mice. Our results suggest for the first time VAP-1 as a potential imaging target for inflamed atherosclerotic plaques, and corroborate VAP-1 inhibition as a therapeutic approach in the treatment of atherosclerosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep35089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,12]],"date-time":"2016-10-12T09:22:48Z","timestamp":1476264168000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Leukocyte trafficking-associated vascular adhesion protein 1 is expressed and functionally active in atherosclerotic plaques"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Johanna M. 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