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Although strontium is known to be involved in osteoclast differentiation, its effect on particle-induced inflammatory osteolysis remains unclear. In this study, we investigate the potential impact and underling mechanism of strontium on particle-induced osteoclast activation and chronic inflammation <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. As expected, strontium significantly inhibited titanium particle-induced inflammatory infiltration and prevented bone loss in a murine calvarial osteolysis model. Interestingly, the number of mature osteoclasts decreased after treatment with strontium <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>, suggesting osteoclast formation might be inhibited by strontium. Additionally, low receptor activator of nuclear factor-\u03baB ligand (RANKL), tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1, interleukin-1\u03b2, interleukin-6 and p65 immunochemistry staining were observed in strontium-treatment groups. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>, strontium obviously decreased osteoclast formation, osteoclastogenesis-related gene expression, osteoclastic bone resorption and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in bone-marrow-derived macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, we demonstrated that strontium impaired osteoclastogenesis by blocking RANKL-induced activation of NF-\u03baB pathway. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that strontium can significantly inhibit particle-induced osteoclast activation and inflammatory bone loss by disturbing the NF-\u03baB pathway, and is an effective therapeutic agent for the treatment of wear particle-induced aseptic loosening.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep36251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,31]],"date-time":"2016-10-31T11:21:33Z","timestamp":1477912893000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Strontium inhibits titanium particle-induced osteoclast activation and chronic inflammation via suppression of NF-\u03baB pathway"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Shijun","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuanyang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunxia","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zichuan","family":"Ping","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liangliang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiawei","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiexing","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huilin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhikui","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaozeng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhirong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dechun","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep36251_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.00168","volume":"91","author":"CJ Della Valle","year":"2009","unstructured":"Della Valle, C. 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