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A recent discovery in the field of plasma medicine is that non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma not only directly but also indirectly affects cells via plasma-treated liquids. This discovery has led to the use of non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma as a novel chemotherapy. We refer to these plasma-treated liquids as plasma-activated liquids. We chose Ringer\u2019s solutions to produce plasma-activated liquids for clinical applications. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> experiments demonstrated that plasma-activated Ringer\u2019s lactate solution has anti-tumor effects, but of the four components in Ringer\u2019s lactate solution, only lactate exhibited anti-tumor effects through activation by non-thermal plasma. Nuclear magnetic resonance analyses indicate that plasma irradiation generates acetyl and pyruvic acid-like groups in Ringer\u2019s lactate solution. Overall, these results suggest that plasma-activated Ringer\u2019s lactate solution is promising for chemotherapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep36282","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,8]],"date-time":"2016-11-08T10:39:54Z","timestamp":1478601594000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":217,"title":["Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma activates lactate in Ringer\u2019s solution for anti-tumor effects"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Hiromasa","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kae","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaaki","family":"Mizuno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keigo","family":"Takeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Kajiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fumi","family":"Utsumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fumitaka","family":"Kikkawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaru","family":"Hori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep36282_CR1","unstructured":"Lin, D. 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