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Understanding the effects of these pathways on pests and natural enemies above and belowground holds great potential for designing effective control strategies. Here we investigate the effects of aboveground stimulation of plant defense pathways on the interactions between corn, the aboveground herbivore adult<jats:italic>Diabrotica speciosa<\/jats:italic>, the belowground herbivore larval<jats:italic>D. speciosa<\/jats:italic>, and the subterranean ento-mopathogenic nematode natural enemy<jats:italic>Heterorhabditis amazonensis<\/jats:italic>. We show that adult<jats:italic>D. speciosa<\/jats:italic>recruit to aboveground herbivory and methyl salicylate treatment, that larval<jats:italic>D. speciosa<\/jats:italic>are relatively indiscriminate, and that<jats:italic>H. amazonensis<\/jats:italic>en-tomopathogenic nematodes recruit to corn fed upon by adult<jats:italic>D. speciosa<\/jats:italic>. These results suggest that entomopathogenicnematodes belowground can be highly attuned to changes in the aboveground parts of plants and that biological control can be enhanced with induced plant defense in this and similar systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep36484","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,4]],"date-time":"2016-11-04T09:33:10Z","timestamp":1478251990000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Eliciting maize defense pathways aboveground attracts belowground biocontrol agents"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Camila Cramer","family":"Filgueiras","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denis S.","family":"Willett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramom Vasconcelos","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alcides","family":"Moino Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Pareja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Larry W.","family":"Duncan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep36484_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1225977","volume":"338","author":"AA Agrawal","year":"2012","unstructured":"Agrawal, A. 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