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A total of 297 patients serologically-diagnosed with toxoplasmosis were selected and stratified according to the presence (n\u2009=\u2009148) or absence (n\u2009=\u2009149) of ocular scars\/lesions due to toxoplasmosis. The group of patients with scars\/lesions was further subdivided into two groups according to the type of ocular manifestation observed: primary (n\u2009=\u2009120) or recurrent (n\u2009=\u200928). Genotyping was performed by PCR-SSOP. Statistical analyses were conducted using the Chi-square test, and odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was also calculated to evaluate the risk association. The activating <jats:italic>KIR3DS1<\/jats:italic> gene was associated with increased susceptibility for ocular toxoplasmosis. The activating KIR together with their HLA ligands (KIR3DS1-Bw4-80Ile and KIR2DS1<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/C2<jats:sup>++<\/jats:sup> KIR3DS1<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/Bw4-80Ile<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>) were associated with increased susceptibility for ocular toxoplasmosis and its clinical manifestations. KIR-HLA inhibitory pairs -KIR2DL3\/2DL3-C1\/C1 and KIR2DL3\/2DL3-C1- were associated with decreased susceptibility for ocular toxoplasmosis and its clinical forms, while the KIR3DS1<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\/KIR3DL1<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/Bw4-80Ile<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> combination was associated as a protective factor against the development of ocular toxoplasmosis and, in particular, against recurrent manifestations. Our data demonstrate that activating and inhibitory <jats:italic>KIR<\/jats:italic> genes may influence the development of ocular toxoplasmosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep36632","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,9]],"date-time":"2016-11-09T10:03:34Z","timestamp":1478685814000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Ocular toxoplasmosis: susceptibility in respect to the genes encoding the KIR receptors and their HLA class I ligands"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Christiane Maria","family":"Ayo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F\u00e1bio Batista","family":"Frederico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rubens Camargo","family":"Siqueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cinara de C\u00e1ssia","family":"Brand\u00e3o de Mattos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Previato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amanda Pires","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernando Henrique Antunes","family":"Murata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aparecida Perp\u00e9tuo","family":"Silveira-Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luiz Carlos","family":"de Mattos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep36632_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2013.12.005","volume":"39","author":"M Maenz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Maenz, M. et al. 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