{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T06:33:53Z","timestamp":1790231633781,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,15]],"date-time":"2016-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1479168000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,15]],"date-time":"2016-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1479168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cholera is a devastating diarrhoeal disease caused by certain strains of serogroup O1\/O139 <jats:italic>Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:italic>. Mobile genetic elements such as genomic islands (GIs) have been pivotal in the evolution of O1\/O139 <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic>. Perhaps the most important GI involved in cholera disease is the <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic> pathogenicity island 1 (VPI-1). This GI contains the toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP) gene cluster that is necessary for colonization of the human intestine as well as being the receptor for infection by the cholera-toxin bearing CTX phage. In this study, we report a GI (designated GI<jats:italic>Vch<\/jats:italic>S12) from a non-O1\/O139 strain of <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic> that is present in the same chromosomal location as VPI-1, contains an integrase gene with 94% nucleotide and 100% protein identity to the VPI-1 integrase, and attachment (<jats:italic>att<\/jats:italic>) sites 100% identical to those found in VPI-1. However, instead of TCP and the other accessory genes present in VPI-1, GI<jats:italic>Vch<\/jats:italic>S12 contains a CRISPR-Cas element and a type VI secretion system (T6SS). GIs similar to GI<jats:italic>Vch<\/jats:italic>S12 were identified in other <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic> genomes, also containing CRISPR-Cas elements and\/or T6SS\u2019s. This study highlights the diversity of GIs circulating in natural <jats:italic>V. cholerae<\/jats:italic> populations and identifies GIs with VPI-1 recombination characteristics as a propagator of CRISPR-Cas and T6SS modules.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep36891","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,15]],"date-time":"2016-11-15T10:51:28Z","timestamp":1479207088000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["A genomic island in Vibrio cholerae with VPI-1 site-specific recombination characteristics contains CRISPR-Cas and type VI secretion modules"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Labbate","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabini D.","family":"Orata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola K.","family":"Petty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathasha D.","family":"Jayatilleke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William L.","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul C.","family":"Kirchberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gulay","family":"Mann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ankur","family":"Mutreja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas R.","family":"Thomson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Boucher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian G.","family":"Charles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep36891_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.8.1.48","volume":"8","author":"J Kaper","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kaper, J., Morris, J. Jr & Levine, M. Cholera. Clin Microbiol Rev 8, 48\u201386 (1995).","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"BFsrep36891_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2204","volume":"7","author":"EJ Nelson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nelson, E. J., Harris, J. B., Glenn Morris, J., Calderwood, S. B. & Camilli, A. Cholera transmission: the host, pathogen and bacteriophage dynamic. Nat Rev Micro 7, 693\u2013702 (2009).","journal-title":"Nat Rev Micro"},{"key":"BFsrep36891_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2003.09.003","volume":"11","author":"SM Faruque","year":"2003","unstructured":"Faruque, S. M. & Mekalanos, J. J. Pathogenicity islands and phages in Vibrio cholerae evolution. Trends in Microbiol 11, 505\u2013510 (2003).","journal-title":"Trends in Microbiol"},{"key":"BFsrep36891_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro884","volume":"2","author":"U Dobrindt","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dobrindt, U., Hochhut, B., Hentschel, U. & Hacker, J. Genomic islands in pathogenic and environmental microorganisms. Nat Rev Microbiol 2, 414\u2013424 (2004).","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"BFsrep36891_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15442","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0907787106","volume":"106","author":"J Chun","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chun, J. et al. Comparative genomics reveals mechanisms for short-term and long-term clonal transitions in pandemic Vibrio cholerae. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106, 15442\u201315447 (2009).","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BFsrep36891_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3524","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00040-10","volume":"192","author":"CJ Grim","year":"2010","unstructured":"Grim, C. J. et al. Genome sequence of hybrid Vibrio cholerae O1 MJ-1236, B-33, and CIRS101 and comparative genomics with V. cholerae. J Bacteriol 192, 3524\u20133533 (2010).","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"BFsrep36891_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.042667999","volume":"99","author":"M Dziejman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dziejman, M. et al. Comparative genomic analysis of Vibrio cholerae: genes that correlate with cholera endemic and pandemic disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99, 1556\u20131561 (2002).","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BFsrep36891_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1910","DOI":"10.1126\/science.272.5270.1910","volume":"272","author":"MK Waldor","year":"1996","unstructured":"Waldor, M. K. & Mekalanos, J. J. Lysogenic conversion by a filamentous phage encoding cholera toxin. Science 272, 1910\u20131914 (1996).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"BFsrep36891_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3134","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.6.3134","volume":"95","author":"DKR Karaolis","year":"1998","unstructured":"Karaolis, D. K. R. et al. A Vibrio cholerae pathogenicity island associated with epidemic and pandemic strains. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95, 3134\u20133139 (1998).","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BFsrep36891_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02187-14","volume":"53","author":"NA Hasan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hasan, N. A. et al. Nontoxigenic Vibrio cholerae non-O1\/O139 isolate from a case of human gastroenteritis in the U.S. Gulf Coast. J Clin Microbiol 53, 9\u201313 (2015).","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"BFsrep36891_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.69.3.1728-1738.2003","volume":"69","author":"M Li","year":"2003","unstructured":"Li, M., Kotetishvili, M., Chen, Y. & Sozhamannan, S. Comparative genomic analyses of the Vibrio Pathogencity Island and cholera toxin prophage regions in nonepidemic serogroup strains of Vibrio cholerae. Appl Environ Microbiol 69, 1728\u20131738 (2003).","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"BFsrep36891_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2941","DOI":"10.1093\/gbe\/evv193","volume":"7","author":"FD Orata","year":"2015","unstructured":"Orata, F. D. et al. The dynamics of genetic interactions between Vibrio metoecus and Vibrio cholerae, two close relatives co-occurring in the environment. Genome Biol Evol 7, 2941\u20132954 (2015).","journal-title":"Genome Biol Evol"},{"key":"BFsrep36891_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herrington, D. A. et al. Toxin, toxin-coregulated pili, and the toxR regulon are essential for Vibrio cholerae pathogenesis in humans. J Exp Med 168 (1988).","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.168.4.1487"},{"key":"BFsrep36891_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2833","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.9.2833","volume":"84","author":"RK Taylor","year":"1987","unstructured":"Taylor, R. K., Miller, V. L., Furlong, D. B. & Mekalanos, J. J. Use of phoA gene fusions to identify a pilus colonization factor coordinately regulated with cholera toxin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84, 2833\u20132837 (1987).","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BFsrep36891_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2165","DOI":"10.1099\/13500872-142-8-2165","volume":"142","author":"ME Kovach","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kovach, M. E., Shaffer, M. D. & Peterson, K. M. A putative integrase gene defines the distal end of a large cluster of ToxR-regulated colonization genes in Vibrio cholerae. Microbiology 142, 2165\u20132174 (1996).","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"BFsrep36891_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3185","volume":"12","author":"AB Russell","year":"2014","unstructured":"Russell, A. B., Peterson, S. B. & Mougous, J. D. Type VI secretion system effectors: poisons with a purpose. Nat Rev Microbiol 12, 137\u2013148 (2014).","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"BFsrep36891_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0510322103","volume":"103","author":"S Pukatzki","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pukatzki, S. et al. Identification of a conserved bacteria protein secretion system in Vibrio cholerae using the Dictyostelium host model system. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103, 1528\u20131533 (2006).","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BFsrep36891_CR18","first-page":"287","volume":"3","author":"S Das","year":"2003","unstructured":"Das, S. & Chaudhuri, K. Identification of a unique IAHP (IcmF associated homologous proteins cluster in Vibrio cholerae and other proteobacteria through in silico analysis. In Silico Biol 3, 287\u2013300 (2003).","journal-title":"In Silico Biol"},{"key":"BFsrep36891_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.64.1.283-289.1996","volume":"64","author":"SG Williams","year":"1996","unstructured":"Williams, S. G., Varcoe, L. T., Attridge, S. R. & Manning, P. A. Vibrio cholerae Hcp, a secreted protein coregulated with HlyA. Infect Immun 64, 283\u2013289 (1996).","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"BFsrep36891_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3733","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0712247105","volume":"105","author":"ER Ballister","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ballister, E. R., Lai, A. H., Zuckermann, R. N., Cheng, Y. & Mougous, J. D. In vitro self-assembly of tailborable nanotubes from a simple protein building block. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105, 3733\u20133738 (2008).","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BFsrep36891_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-121809-151619","volume":"66","author":"JM Silverman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Silverman, J. M., Brunet, Y. R., Cascales, E. & Mougous, J. D. Structure and regulation of the type VI secretion system. Ann Rev Microbiol 66, 453\u2013472 (2012).","journal-title":"Ann Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"BFsrep36891_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7618","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.436725","volume":"288","author":"TM Brooks","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brooks, T. M., Unterweger, D., Bachmann, V., Kostiuk, B. & Pukatzki, S. Lytic activity of the Vibrio cholerae Type VI secretion toxin VgrG-3 is inhibited by the antitoxin TsaB. J Biol Chem 288, 7618\u20137625 (2013).","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"BFsrep36891_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2623","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1222783110","volume":"110","author":"TG Dong","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dong, T. G., Ho, B. T., Yoder-Himes, D. R. & Mekalanos, J. J. Identification of T6SS-dependent effector and immunity proteins by Tn-seq in Vibrio cholerae. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 110, 2623\u20132628 (2013).","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BFsrep36891_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12453","volume":"500","author":"MM Shneider","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shneider, M. M. et al. PAAR-repeat proteins sharpen and diversify the type VI secretion system spike. Nature 500, 350\u2013353 (2013).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFsrep36891_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002394","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1002394","volume":"14","author":"NJ Croucher","year":"2016","unstructured":"Croucher, N. J. et al. Horizontal DNA transfer mechanisms of bacteria as weapons of intragenomic conflict. PLoS Biol 14, e1002394, doi: 10.1371\/journal.pbio.1002394 (2016).","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"BFsrep36891_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2577","volume":"9","author":"KS Makarova","year":"2011","unstructured":"Makarova, K. S. et al. Evolution and classification of the CRISPR\u2013Cas systems. Nat Rev Microbiol 9, 467\u2013477 (2011).","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"BFsrep36891_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120181","DOI":"10.1098\/rsob.120181","volume":"3","author":"A Islam","year":"2013","unstructured":"Islam, A. et al. Indigenous Vibrio cholerae strains from a non-endemic region are pathogenic. Open Biol 3, 120181 (2013).","journal-title":"Open Biol"},{"key":"BFsrep36891_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmieder, R. & Edwards, R. Quality control and preprocessing of metagenomic datasets. Bioinformatics (2011).","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr026"},{"key":"BFsrep36891_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.074492.107","volume":"18","author":"DR Zerbino","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zerbino, D. R. & Birney, E. Velvet: algorithms for de novo short reads assembly using de Bruijn graphs. Genome Res 18, 821\u2013829 (2008).","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"BFsrep36891_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq683","volume":"27","author":"M Boetzer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Boetzer, M., Henkel, C. V., Jansen, H. J., Butler, D. & Pirovano, W. Scaffolding pre-assembled contigs using SSPACE. Bioinformatics 27, 578\u2013579 (2011).","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"BFsrep36891_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boetzer, M. & Pirovano, W. Toward almost closed genomes with GapFiller. Genome Biol (2012).","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2012-13-6-r56"},{"key":"BFsrep36891_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11147","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011147","volume":"5","author":"AE Darling","year":"2010","unstructured":"Darling, A. E., Mau, B. & Perna, N. T. progressiveMAUVE: multiple genome alignment with gene gain, loss and rearrangement. PLoS One 5, e11147 (2010).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"BFsrep36891_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2068","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu153","volume":"30","author":"T Seemann","year":"2014","unstructured":"Seemann, T. Prokka: rapid prokaryotic genome annotation. Bioinformatics 30 2068\u20132069 (2014).","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"BFsrep36891_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2","volume":"215","author":"SF Altschul","year":"1990","unstructured":"Altschul, S. F., Gish, W., Miller, W., Myers, E. W. & Lipman, D. J. Basic local alignment search tool. J Mol Biol 215, 403\u2013410 (1990).","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"BFsrep36891_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W52","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkm360","volume":"35","author":"I Grissa","year":"2007","unstructured":"Grissa, I., Vergnaud, G. & Pourcel, C. CRISPRFinder: a web tool to identify clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats. Nucl Acids Res 35, W52\u2013W57 (2007).","journal-title":"Nucl Acids Res"},{"key":"BFsrep36891_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-9-75","volume":"9","author":"RK Aziz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Aziz, R. K. et al. The RAST server: rapid annotation using subsystems technology. BMC Genomics 9, 75 (2008).","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"BFsrep36891_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-6-2","volume":"6","author":"DA Rasko","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rasko, D. A., Myers, G. S. A. & Ravel, J. Visualization of comparative genomic analyses by BLAST score ratio. BMC Bioinformatics 6, 1\u20137, doi: 10.1186\/1471-2105-6-2 (2005).","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"BFsrep36891_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1093\/protein\/12.2.85","volume":"12","author":"B Rost","year":"1999","unstructured":"Rost, B. Twilight zone of protein sequence alignments. Protein Engineering 12, 85\u201394 (1999).","journal-title":"Protein Engineering"},{"key":"BFsrep36891_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq665","volume":"27","author":"SV Angiuoli","year":"2010","unstructured":"Angiuoli, S. V. & Salzberg, S. L. Mugsy: Fast multiple alignment of closely related whole genomes. Bioinformatics 27, 334\u2013342 (2010).","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"BFsrep36891_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2010-11-8-r86","volume":"11","author":"J Goecks","year":"2010","unstructured":"Goecks, J., Nekrutenko, A. & Taylor, J. Galaxy: a comprehensive approach for supporting accessible, reproducible, and transparent computational research in the life sciences. Genome Biology 11, 1\u201313 (2010).","journal-title":"Genome Biology"},{"key":"BFsrep36891_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts199","volume":"28","author":"M Kearse","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kearse, M. et al. Geneious Basic: An integrated and extendable desktop software platform for the organization and analysis of sequence data. Bioinformatics 28, 1647\u20131649 (2012).","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"BFsrep36891_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu033","volume":"30","author":"A Stamatakis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stamatakis, A. RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. Bioinformatics 30, 1312\u20131313 (2014).","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"BFsrep36891_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3208","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.060145-0","volume":"64","author":"PC Kirchberger","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kirchberger, P. C. et al. Vibrio metoecus sp. nov., a close relative of Vibrio cholerae isolated from coastal brackish ponds and clinical specimens. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 64, 3208\u20133214 (2014).","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"key":"BFsrep36891_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6893","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.185.23.6893-6901.2003","volume":"185","author":"C Rajanna","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rajanna, C. et al. The Vibrio pathogenicity island of epidemic Vibrio cholerae forms precise extrachromosomal circular excision products. J Bacteriol 185, 6893\u20136901 (2003).","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"BFsrep36891_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11927","volume":"494","author":"KD Seed","year":"2013","unstructured":"Seed, K. D., Lazinski, D. W., Calderwood, S. B. & Camilli, A. A bacteriophage encodes its own CRISPR\/Cas adaptive response to evade host innate immunity. Nature 494, 489\u2013491 (2013).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"BFsrep36891_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15508","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0706532104","volume":"104","author":"S Pukatzki","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pukatzki, S., Ma, A. T., Revel, A. T., Sturtevant, D. & Mekalanos, J. J. Type VI secretion system translocates a phage tail spike-like protein into target cells where it cross-links actin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104, 15508\u201315513 (2007).","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"BFsrep36891_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2198","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.201591163","volume":"34","author":"D Unterweger","year":"2015","unstructured":"Unterweger, D. et al. Chimeric adaptor proteins translocate diverse type VI secretion system effectors in Vibrio cholerae. EMBO 34, 2198\u20132210 (2015).","journal-title":"EMBO"},{"key":"BFsrep36891_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9106","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1505317112","volume":"112","author":"X Liang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liang, X. et al. Identification of divergent type VI secretion effectors using a conserved chaperone domain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 112, 9106\u20139111 (2015).","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep36891.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep36891","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep36891.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T00:10:53Z","timestamp":1672877453000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep36891"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,15]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,23]]}},"alternative-id":["BFsrep36891"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep36891","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 February 2016","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 October 2016","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 November 2016","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing financial interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"36891"}}