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Type 2 diabetic patients who received peripheral artery bypass surgery (n\u2009=\u20095,652) or stent revascularization (n\u2009=\u2009659) for lower extremity arterial stenosis between 2000 and 2007 were identified from the Taiwan National Health Insurance claims database. Patients were followed from the date of index hospitalization for 2 years for lower-extremity amputation, revascularization, and hospitalization for medical treatment. Analysis using treatment year, patients\u2019 monthly income level, and regional difference as IVs were conducted to reduce unobserved treatment selection bias. The crude analysis showed a statistically significant risk reduction in favor of stent placement in lower extremity amputation and in the composite endpoint of amputation, revascularization, or hospitalization for medical treatment. However, peripheral artery stent revascularization and bypass surgery had similar risk of lower limb amputation and composite endpoints in the analyses using calendar year or patients\u2019 monthly income level as IVs. These two treatment modalities had similar risk of lower limb amputation among DM patients with PAD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep37177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,18]],"date-time":"2016-11-18T10:07:06Z","timestamp":1479463626000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Stent revascularization versus bypass surgery for peripheral artery disease in type 2 diabetic patients \u2013 an instrumental variable analysis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Chia-Hsuin","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jou-Wei","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiun","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li-Chiu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mei-Shu","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep37177_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1507631","volume":"374","author":"IJ Kullo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kullo, I. 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