{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T13:56:51Z","timestamp":1760623011345},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,23]],"date-time":"2016-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1479859200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,23]],"date-time":"2016-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1479859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM)-lung disease (LD) is an increasing health problem worldwide. The diagnosis of this disease remains difficult, however the application of placenta growth factor (PlGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has not yet been studied. We screened patients with <jats:italic>Mycobacterium avium<\/jats:italic> complex or <jats:italic>M. abscessus<\/jats:italic> isolated from sputum, and enrolled 32 patients with NTM-LD and 93 with NTM pulmonary colonization. The NTM-LD group had a lower body mass index, higher proportion of bronchiectasis, more respiratory symptoms and pulmonary lesions, and higher titers of sputum acid-fast stain than the NTM pulmonary colonization group. The plasma level of PlGF was lower in the NTM-LD group than in the NTM colonization group, whereas the level of VEGF was higher in the NTM-LD group. In multivariable logistic regression analysis excluding NTM cultures, the predictive model for NTM-LD included sputum AFS titer, a nodular-bronchiectasis radiographic pattern, plasma VEGF\/PlGF ratio, and chest radiographic score (VEGF\/P1GF ratio became not significant as a factor in multivariable generalized linear model). The four-factor predictive index had good positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio for predicting NTM-LD in the patients with NTM in their sputum.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep37266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,23]],"date-time":"2016-11-23T10:33:55Z","timestamp":1479897235000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The trend and the disease prediction of vascular endothelial growth factor and placenta growth factor in nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Chou-Han","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chin-Chung","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chia-Lin","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shih-Lung","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jann-Yuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chong-Jen","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li-Na","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep37266_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1602.090675","volume":"16","author":"CC Lai","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lai, C. C. et al. Increasing incidence of nontuberculous mycobacteria, Taiwan, 2000\u20132008. Emerg Infect Dis 16, 294\u2013296 (2010).","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"BFsrep37266_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.129.6.1653","volume":"129","author":"SK Field","year":"2006","unstructured":"Field, S. K. & Cowie, R. L. Lung disease due to the more common nontuberculous mycobacteria. Chest 129, 1653\u20131672 (2006).","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"BFsrep37266_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201111-2016OC","volume":"185","author":"J Adjemian","year":"2012","unstructured":"Adjemian, J., Olivier, K. N., Seitz, A. E., Holland, S. M. & Prevots, D. R. Prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease in US Medicare beneficiaries. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 185, 881\u2013886 (2012).","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"BFsrep37266_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2014.10.002","volume":"36","author":"DR Prevots","year":"2015","unstructured":"Prevots, D. R. & Marras, T. K. Epidemiology of human pulmonary infection with nontuberculous mycobacteria: a review. Clin Chest Med 36, 13\u201334 (2015).","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"key":"BFsrep37266_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200604-571ST","volume":"175","author":"DE Griffith","year":"2007","unstructured":"Griffith, D. E. et al. An official ATS\/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 175, 367\u2013416 (2007).","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"BFsrep37266_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201304-0687UP","volume":"188","author":"D Menzies","year":"2013","unstructured":"Menzies, D. & Nahid, P. Update in tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacterial disease 2012. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 188, 923\u2013927 (2013).","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"BFsrep37266_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1309\/65KN-2M7E-7MNN-X0TA","volume":"118","author":"D Lu","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lu, D., Heeren, B. & Dunne, W. M. Comparison of the Automated Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube System (BACTEC 960\/MGIT) with Lowenstein-Jensen medium for recovery of mycobacteria from clinical specimens. Am J Clin Pathol 118, 542\u2013545 (2002).","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"BFsrep37266_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.129.2.341","volume":"129","author":"WJ Koh","year":"2006","unstructured":"Koh, W. J. et al. Clinical significance of nontuberculous mycobacteria isolated from respiratory specimens in Korea. Chest 129, 341\u2013348 (2006).","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"BFsrep37266_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2008.110957","volume":"64","author":"J van Ingen","year":"2009","unstructured":"van Ingen, J. et al. Clinical relevance of non-tuberculous mycobacteria isolated in the Nijmegen-Arnhem region, The Netherlands. Thorax 64, 502\u2013506 (2009).","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"BFsrep37266_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2194","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-008-1221-6","volume":"34","author":"CC Shu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shu, C. C. et al. Nontuberculous mycobacteria pulmonary infection in medical intensive care unit: the incidence, patient characteristics, and clinical significance. Intensive Care Med 34, 2194\u20132201 (2008).","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"BFsrep37266_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.11.0148","volume":"16","author":"Y Ito","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ito, Y. et al. Predictors of 5-year mortality in pulmonary Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex disease. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 16, 408\u2013414 (2012).","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"BFsrep37266_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.11.0534","volume":"16","author":"S Kitada","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kitada, S. et al. Long-term radiographic outcome of nodular bronchiectatic Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 16, 660\u2013664 (2012).","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"BFsrep37266_CR13","first-page":"250","volume":"21","author":"MR Lee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee, M. R. et al. Factors associated with subsequent nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease in patients with a single sputum isolate on initial examination. Clinical microbiology and infection: the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 21, 250 e251\u2013257 (2015).","journal-title":"Clinical microbiology and infection: the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"BFsrep37266_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.10.0786","volume":"15","author":"CC Shu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shu, C. C. et al. Use of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 in non-tuberculous mycobacterial lung disease. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 15, 1415\u20131420 (2011).","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"BFsrep37266_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3336","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V87.8.3336.bloodjournal8783336","volume":"87","author":"B Barleon","year":"1996","unstructured":"Barleon, B. et al. Migration of human monocytes in response to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is mediated via the VEGF receptor flt-1. Blood 87, 3336\u20133343 (1996).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"BFsrep37266_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.3.2.211","volume":"3","author":"B Berse","year":"1992","unstructured":"Berse, B., Brown, L. F., Van de Water, L., Dvorak, H. F. & Senger, D. R. Vascular permeability factor (vascular endothelial growth factor) gene is expressed differentially in normal tissues, macrophages, and tumors. Mol Biol Cell 3, 211\u2013220 (1992).","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell"},{"key":"BFsrep37266_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1424563112","volume":"112","author":"M Datta","year":"2015","unstructured":"Datta, M. et al. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment normalizes tuberculosis granuloma vasculature and improves small molecule delivery. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 112, 1827\u20131832 (2015).","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"BFsrep37266_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2156","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.125.6.2156","volume":"125","author":"F Alatas","year":"2004","unstructured":"Alatas, F. et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor levels in active pulmonary tuberculosis. Chest 125, 2156\u20132159 (2004).","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"BFsrep37266_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2006.00863.x","volume":"11","author":"Y Nishigaki","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nishigaki, Y. et al. Increased serum level of vascular endothelial growth factor in Mycobacterium avium complex infection. Respirology 11, 407\u2013413 (2006).","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"BFsrep37266_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2007.087155","volume":"63","author":"SL Cheng","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cheng, S. L., Wang, H. C., Yu, C. J. & Yang, P. C. Increased expression of placenta growth factor in COPD. Thorax 63, 500\u2013506 (2008).","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"BFsrep37266_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2466-11-46","volume":"11","author":"SL Cheng","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cheng, S. L., Wang, H. C., Cheng, S. J. & Yu, C. J. Elevated placenta growth factor predicts pneumonia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease under inhaled corticosteroids therapy. BMC pulmonary medicine 11, 46 (2011).","journal-title":"BMC pulmonary medicine"},{"key":"BFsrep37266_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200306-774OC","volume":"169","author":"PN Tsao","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tsao, P. N. et al. Overexpression of placenta growth factor contributes to the pathogenesis of pulmonary emphysema. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 169, 505\u2013511 (2004).","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"BFsrep37266_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-011-9321-4","volume":"189","author":"CC Shu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shu, C. C. et al. Clinical characteristics and prognosis of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease with different radiographic patterns. Lung 189, 467\u2013474 (2011).","journal-title":"Lung"},{"key":"BFsrep37266_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00149212","volume":"42","author":"W Hoefsloot","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hoefsloot, W. et al. The geographic diversity of nontuberculous mycobacteria isolated from pulmonary samples: an NTM-NET collaborative study. Eur Respir J 42, 1604\u20131613 (2013).","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"BFsrep37266_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200904-0549OC","volume":"180","author":"HH Lin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lin, H. H., Ezzati, M., Chang, H. Y. & Murray, M. Association between tobacco smoking and active tuberculosis in Taiwan: prospective cohort study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 180, 475\u2013480 (2009).","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"BFsrep37266_CR26","first-page":"625","volume":"103","author":"GL Snider","year":"1971","unstructured":"Snider, G. L., Doctor, L., Demas, T. A. & Shaw, A. R. Obstructive airway disease in patients with treated pulmonary tuberculosis. Am Rev Respir Dis 103, 625\u2013640 (1971).","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"BFsrep37266_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.12.0782","volume":"17","author":"CC Shu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shu, C. C. et al. Hepatotoxicity due to first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs: a five-year experience in a Taiwan medical centre. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 17, 934\u2013939 (2013).","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"BFsrep37266_CR28","first-page":"343","volume":"123","author":"AT Society","year":"1981","unstructured":"Society, A. T. Diagnostic standards and classification of tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases. Am Rev Respir Dis 123, 343\u2013358 (1981).","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"BFsrep37266_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1690","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.280.19.1690","volume":"280","author":"J Zhang","year":"1998","unstructured":"Zhang, J. & Yu, K. F. What\u2019s the relative risk? A method of correcting the odds ratio in cohort studies of common outcomes. JAMA 280, 1690\u20131691 (1998).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"BFsrep37266_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.14.13483","volume":"204","author":"A Rozenshtein","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rozenshtein, A., Hao, F., Starc, M. T. & Pearson, G. D. Radiographic appearance of pulmonary tuberculosis: dogma disproved. AJR Am J Roentgenol 204, 974\u2013978 (2015).","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"BFsrep37266_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.181.2.1810513","volume":"181","author":"D Han","year":"2003","unstructured":"Han, D. et al. Radiographic and CT findings of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary infection caused by Mycobacterium abscessus. AJR Am J Roentgenol 181, 513\u2013517 (2003).","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"BFsrep37266_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2313030833","volume":"231","author":"YJ Jeong","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jeong, Y. J. et al. Nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary infection in immunocompetent patients: comparison of thin-section CT and histopathologic findings. Radiology 231, 880\u2013886 (2004).","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"BFsrep37266_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1086\/505870","volume":"43","author":"A Cornillet","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cornillet, A. et al. Comparison of epidemiological, clinical, and biological features of invasive aspergillosis in neutropenic and nonneutropenic patients: a 6-year survey. Clin Infect Dis 43, 577\u2013584 (2006).","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"BFsrep37266_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.43.852","volume":"43","author":"JH Hwang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hwang, J. H. et al. Pulmonary nocardiosis with multiple cavitary nodules in a HIV-negative immunocompromised patient. Intern Med 43, 852\u2013854 (2004).","journal-title":"Intern Med"}],"container-title":["Scientific Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep37266.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep37266","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep37266.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T02:22:05Z","timestamp":1672885325000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep37266"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,23]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,23]]}},"alternative-id":["BFsrep37266"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep37266","relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-2322"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-2322","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 March 2016","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 October 2016","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 November 2016","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing financial interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"37266"}}