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This study investigated H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S emission behavior and sulfate metabolism occurring in simulated landfills under different operating conditions. Under aerobic conditions, great attenuation of the original sulfate content (from around 6000\u2009mg\u2009kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> dropped to below 800\u2009mg\u2009kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>) with corresponding accumulation of sulfides and elemental sulfur were observed, indicating that sulfate reduction processes were intense under such conditions. Analysis of the bacterial community in these landfills showed great abundance (1.10%) and diversity of sulfur reducing types, confirming their active involvement in this process. In particular, the total abundance of sulfate-reducing bacteria increased nearly 30 times under aerobic conditions, leading to the transformation of sulfate to sulfide and other reduced sulfur species. Although exposure to air promoted the accumulation of sulfide, it did not lead to an increase in H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S release in these landfills.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep38103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,2]],"date-time":"2016-12-02T09:59:33Z","timestamp":1480672773000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) emission control by aerobic sulfate reduction in landfill"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Yuyang","family":"Long","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongsheng","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huajun","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep38103_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2007.11.008","volume":"392","author":"D Firer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Firer, D., Friedler, E. & Lahav, O. 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