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This study aimed to compare the effects of long-term serial administration of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs), and cyclophosphamide treatment in C3.MRL-Fas<jats:sup>lpr<\/jats:sup>\/J mice using a murine SLE model. C3.MRL-Fas<jats:sup>lpr<\/jats:sup>\/J mice were divided into saline (C), cyclophosphamide (Y), and ASC (H) treatment groups. Background-matched control C3H mice treated with saline (N) were also compared. The Y group showed the greatest improvement in disease parameters, but with damaged trabecular integrity. ASC transplantation reduced anti-dsDNA levels, glomerular C3 deposition and CD138 proportion significantly, without trabecular damage. Furthermore, both cyclophosphamide and ASC treatment significantly decreased the ratio of Th1\/Th2 compared with the saline-treatment. The expression levels of miR-31-5p, miR-96-5p, miR-182-5p, miR-183-5p, and miR-379-5p were significantly higher, while those of miR150-5p were significantly lower in the C group than in the N group. The expression levels of miR-96-5p, miR-182-5p in the Y and H groups were significantly lower than in the C group. Thus, treatment with cyclophosphamide or ASC can change miRNAs and decrease miR-96-5p and miR-182-5p expression, as well as decreasing the CD138 proportion and the Th1\/Th2 ratio, which might be involved in the therapeutic mechanism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep38237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,7]],"date-time":"2016-12-07T10:04:58Z","timestamp":1481105098000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation can restore lupus disease-associated miRNA expression and Th1\/Th2 ratios in a murine model of SLE"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Eun Wha","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MinJae","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Woo","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Il Seob","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung Joo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep38237_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2009.12.005","volume":"16","author":"JC Crisp\u00edn","year":"2010","unstructured":"Crisp\u00edn, J. 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