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Several microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in regulating adipogenesis and osteogenesis. In this study, we established a steroid-induced ONFH rat model to identify the potential relevant miRNAs. We identified 9 up-regulated and 28 down-regulated miRNAs in the ONFH rat model. Of these, miR-27a was down-regulated and negatively correlated with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR\u03b3) and gremlin 1 (GREM1) expression. Further studies confirmed that PPAR\u03b3 and GREM1 were direct targets of miRNA-27a. Additionally, adipogenic differentiation was enhanced by miR-27a down-regulation, whereas miRNA-27a up-regulation attenuated adipogenesis and promoted osteogenesis in steroid-induced rat BMSCs. Moreover, miRNA-27a up-regulation had a stronger effect on adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation in steroid-induced rat BMSCs than si-PPAR\u03b3 and si-GREM1. In conclusion, we identified 37 differentially expressed miRNAs in the steroid-induced ONFH model, of which miR-27a was down-regulated. Our results showed that miR-27a up-regulation could inhibit adipogenesis and promote osteogenesis by directly targeting PPAR\u03b3 and GREM1. Thus, miR-27a is likely a key regulator of adipogenesis in steroid-induced BMSCs and a potential therapeutic target for ONFH treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep38491","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,2]],"date-time":"2016-12-02T10:29:30Z","timestamp":1480674570000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":104,"title":["miR-27a attenuates adipogenesis and promotes osteogenesis in steroid-induced rat BMSCs by targeting PPAR\u03b3 and GREM1"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Chenxi","family":"Gu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanfeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongya","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shi","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuli","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yisheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuebai","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoqiang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep38491_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-008-1257-z","volume":"13","author":"K Iwakiri","year":"2008","unstructured":"Iwakiri, K. et al. 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