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Although mosquitoes are an important vector for diverse pathogens, with the exception of members of the genus<jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>little is known about their role in the transmission of Rickettsiales. Herein, Rickettsiales were identified by PCR in five species of mosquitoes (<jats:italic>Anopheles sinensis, Armigeres subalbatus, Aedes albopictus, Culex quinquefasciatus<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Cu. tritaeniorhynchus<\/jats:italic>) collected from three Chinese provinces during 2014\u20132015. Subsequent phylogenetic analyses of the<jats:italic>rrs, groEL<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>gltA<\/jats:italic>genes revealed the presence of<jats:italic>Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Candidatus<\/jats:italic>Neoehrlichia, and<jats:italic>Rickettsia<\/jats:italic>bacteria in mosquitoes, comprising nine documented and five tentative species bacteria, as well as three symbionts\/endosybionts. In addition, bacteria were identified in mosquito eggs, larvae, and pupae sampled from aquatic environments. Hence, these data suggest that Rickettsiales circulate widely in mosquitoes in nature. Also of note was that<jats:italic>Ehrlichia<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Rickettsia<\/jats:italic>bacteria were detected in each life stage of laboratory cultured mosquitoes, suggesting that Rickettsiales may be maintained in mosquitoes through both transstadial and transovarial transmission. In sum, these data indicate that mosquitoes may have played an important role in the transmission and evolution of Rickettsiales in nature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep38770","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,9]],"date-time":"2016-12-09T12:57:19Z","timestamp":1481288239000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":117,"title":["Extensive genetic diversity of Rickettsiales bacteria in multiple mosquito species"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Wen-Ping","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-Hua","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xian-Dan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue-Bing","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Ping","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Si-Yuan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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