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We investigate the toxicity and residue risk of 9 insecticides on the development of\n                    <jats:italic>H. axyridis, C. sinica, S. manilae<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>T. remus. S. manilae<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>T. remus<\/jats:italic>\n                    adults were sensitive to all 9 insecticides (LC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    less than 2.75\u2009mg a.i. liter\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), while\n                    <jats:italic>H. axyridis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>C. sinica<\/jats:italic>\n                    adults were less sensitive (LC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    between 6\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>\u22125<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009mg a.i. liter\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    and 78.95\u2009mg a.i. liter\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). Emamectin benzoate, spinosad, indoxacarb, alpha-cypermethrin, chlorfenapyr and chlorantraniliprole showed no toxicity on\n                    <jats:italic>H. axyridis, C. sinica, S. manilae<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>T. remus<\/jats:italic>\n                    pupae with the recommended field concentrations. The risk analysis indicated that chlorantraniliprole is harmless to larvae of four natural enemies and adult of\n                    <jats:italic>H. axyridis, C. sinica<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>S. manilae<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Emamectin benzoate and spinosad had higher safety to the development of\n                    <jats:italic>H. axyridis, C. sinica, S. manilae<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>T. remus<\/jats:italic>\n                    with the risk duration less than 4d. Indoxacarb, tebufenozide, chlorfenapyr, methomyl, alpha-cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos showed dangerously toxic and long risk duration on\n                    <jats:italic>S. manilae<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>T. remus<\/jats:italic>\n                    adults.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep39060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,13]],"date-time":"2016-12-13T05:21:19Z","timestamp":1481606479000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Toxicity of nine insecticides on four natural enemies of Spodoptera exigua"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Yongqiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep39060_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.756","volume":"59","author":"G Smagghe","year":"2003","unstructured":"Smagghe, G. et al. 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