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Here, we direct the antibody-capsid fusion away from the signal sequence-dependent secretory SEC pathway in\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    by utilizing the intrinsic signal sequence-independent property of pIX to obtain virion integration. This approach was combined with the use of an engineered helper phage known to improve antibody pIX display and retrieval. By direct comparison with pIII display, we demonstrate that antibody display using this pIX system translates into substantially improved retrieval of desired specificities with favorable biophysical properties in\n                    <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic>\n                    selection. We show that the effect was due to less\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    host toxicity during phage propagation conferred by the lack of a signal sequence. This pIX combinatorial display platform provides a generic alternative route for obtaining good binders with high stability and may thus find broad applicability.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/srep39066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,14]],"date-time":"2016-12-14T05:28:44Z","timestamp":1481693324000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Multivalent pIX phage display selects for distinct and improved antibody properties"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Lene S.","family":"H\u00f8ydahl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolay R.","family":"Nilssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin S.","family":"Gunnarsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Fleur du","family":"Pr\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasmus","family":"Iversen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norbert","family":"Roos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terje E.","family":"Michaelsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludvig M.","family":"Sollid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inger","family":"Sandlie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geir \u00c5.","family":"L\u00f8set","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"BFsrep39066_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1126\/science.4001944","volume":"228","author":"GP Smith","year":"1985","unstructured":"Smith, G. 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